52 



The floor is generally covered by peat, sometimes to a 



been removed by fire, by denudation, or by turbary opera- 



*'°The lower stratum of the overlying peat has usually a 



,^XLu.ture of clay. Beneath this - - ^-^^^^^^^^^ 



avpv subsoil full of carbonaceous marknigs of rootlets ana 



formed not by the decomposition of heather and moss 



inch as now flourish on the moors, but by the remams of 



an^nclXiowth of grass and brushwood. Throughout 



t£s subsoil! lilies of human handiwork are strewn; and 



ns me cases they may be met -ith even beneath .t 



lying on the yellow yoredale sand m which ^° ^^^l^^ 



vPfTPtation exist, or mixed up with a rubble of millstone 



grft!the ruin, apparently, of rude sand-stone shelters. 



'• ''''t:£t^e^:'Z:f.orn the preseiit point of 

 >ieim^portantt.an^^^^^^ 



Sd^Te't^s^n ^r^^y f e indication 

 fcoilrmed by their association with bits of iron pyrites 



hearth and a dwelhng-place. 



chert, and implements of flint m great variety. 



'• ^'' X^^aS:r£mmer-stones are obviously pe^es fro. 



''%tn chert flakes or fragments retain a PO^tion o^heir 



• • 1 nvtlinr this is always a water-worn surface, and 



original exteuor, tms is^^i^*^ m cros- 



dently that ,,J tl^ dnft. "»» ^ ^^^^^ flakes 



are often small >''='»;/°fjX surface, tbis is seen to be 



7.r:rL"a'o\Lf Siel be met witb in Lancasb-re 



boulder-clay. 



