98 



Dutch Boor. In the Transvaal (Cape of Good Hope,) the farmers 

 are still called Boors, so that neighbour, is your next Boor, or 

 peasant farraer, not the King, Earl or Bishop, not the tradesman, 

 not the vagrant, not the man with no settled occupation, but the 

 next Boor who has settled on his homestead, he, and he only, 

 was your neighbour when the word was coined. If you put hood 

 to the word you have neighbourhood, now hood means a fortified 

 or protected place, so that a neighbourhood was a protected 

 locality, showing you the condition of the country when the word 

 was coined, when each neighbom'hood, at times had to run to a pro- 

 tected place. Take the word gleaner, now meaning to gather 

 corn left by the reapers, the origin of the word is gland meaning 

 acorn. In old times they gathered acorns not only lor swine, 

 but for family food, acorns have ceased to be food, and the word 

 is now used for corn gatherers. 



Pendle Hill. 



When this district was forest and marsh, the symmetrical outline 

 of Pendle Hill would be a striking and distinctive object, the 

 people then living called it Pen. This word amongst the ancient 

 Britons meant top of a hill, there is uo qualification to the word, 

 so that we may conclude that it was bare as at present, that is 

 not wooded. By and bye the British were driven from the district 

 and the Danes settled here, they did not know the Pen meant a 

 hill, their name for a hill was hull, they therefore took the old 

 name of Pen which had no distinct meaning to them (they per- 

 haps thought it meant a district) and called it Pen Hull, then in 

 a further lapse of time, there came the modern Britisher, who 

 did not know that the old mountain had got two names already, 

 each signifying hill, but seeing that it was a hill, and wishing 

 very properly to distinguish it from other places, they added their 

 own word hill to the Pen Hull, and called it PenhuU Hill which 

 gradually became Pendle Hill. The village called Pendleton on 

 the Chtheroe side of the mountain, in old documents is called 

 Penhulton, meaning. Hill Hill Town, thus confirming the deriv- 

 ation of Pendle Hill. I fancy that in old times, the accent was 

 strongly laid on the Pen just as they do now in the Forest, and 

 the second syllable hull was not noticed, for there is no great 

 difference between hull and hill. If time permitted, some reflec- 

 tions might be made on the teaching of these words, for instance, 

 when the Danes supplanted the ancient Britons, they did not at 

 once exterminate them, they lived with, or near them, long enough 

 to know the name Pen, but not long enough to learn the language 

 of the British, or they would not have duplicated the name. 

 This reduplication of words having the same meaning is very 

 common in this district, for instance, in very old English, a little 

 wood was always called Hurst, but we have Hurstwood, a dupli- 



