14 
duced. Mr. Shandy was a man of many theories ; one of them 
was that a man’s conduct was influenced by his name ; and of all 
names Tristram was the most odious. Another great idea of Mr. 
Shandy’s was the importance of the nose, and Tristram’s being 
broken in early life, his father regarded him as utterly ruined. 
The mother is the opposite of the father; she has no taste for 
philosophy, admits everything, questions nothing, asks for no 
explanations, believes everything told her, has no will of her 
own, yields to all Mr. Shandy’s arguments without hesitation ; 
she never refused her assent or consent to any proposition her 
husband laid before her. She contented herself with doing all 
that ber godfathers and godmothers had promised for her, and 
no more. This was very annoying to the gentleman, who found 
all his finest chains of areument useless. ‘‘ That she is not a 
clever woman is her misfortune,”’ said he, ‘‘ but she might ask 
a question.” Mr. Ward continued to tell the story in Sterne’s 
own words, showing both the humorous and sombre sides of the 
characters with which he had to deal, and concluded with the 
recitation of the story of Le Fevre. 
CHURCH BELLS. 
By the Rev. B. WINFIELD, B.A., Vicar of St. James’s, Burnley. 
January 22nd, 1889. 
The lecturer prefaced his remarks with an account of the 
passages in Scripture in which allusions were made to the use of 
bells in worship, and then proceeded, 
«The invention of the modern bell is traditionally assigned to 
Paulinus, Bishop of Nola, in Campania, Italy, about the year 
400, A.D. The only fact certain is that bells were first manu- 
factured and brought into use for the Latin Church in the 
district of Campania, whence the name ‘‘ Campana ’”’ was given 
to the bell, and the science of ringing was called campanalogia, 
Anglicised campanology. The Venerable Bede states that church 
bells were found in England at the end of the 7th century. In 
fact, we may say that our church bells and our nation and 
language are coeval with each other, for it was the introduction 
of Christianity among our Saxon forefathers which was mainly 
instrumental in uniting the several hostile tribes into the one na- 
tion of England, and with Christianity came churches and church 
bells.” ‘* At the Reformation, the bells were not disregarded in 
the general scramble for the spoils on the part of Henry VIII. 
and his courtiers ; however they survived, nor did their glories 
pass away.’ ‘The science of rging commences with the reign 
of Charles II., when Fabian Steadman, a printer, published in 
