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education, and technical education. We cannot afford to allow 
our Democracy to go uneducated, we must educate our masters ! 
He hoped very much too from the sympathy of the churches and 
the public with the working classes, and he believed that public 
opinion had already condemned sweating. He considered that 
the rise in wages of the working classes was distinctly attributable 
to trade unions, and that trade unions were absolutely essential, 
but they were not the solution of the question of capital and 
labour. No doubt they had been selfish and unmindful of the 
masters’ interests, but he believed a change was coming about 
and they were beginning to see that the interests of the employed 
and the employer were co-terminous and synonymous. They 
had done good work but he would like to see them superseded 
by a system of profit sharing, which was a distinct improvement 
on the Co-operative principle, because they still had a distinct 
captain of industry at their head—and the want of this had been 
the serious cause of the failures of co-operation. If masters and 
men could combine in Lancashire to beat the Cotton corner, 
how much better it would be to combine for profit sharing. The 
best masters would then get the best men, and competition 
would be healthy. Men would not then be mere machines but 
work would be ‘‘an artistic exercise” of brain and hand for them. 
They said men were selfish but to-day there was selfishness 
and spite, and then there would only be selfishness it they would 
term it so. But all that was not state control, much less state 
management. It was only Socialistic and yet it did the work 
which Socialism aimed at. We got the best results when we 
had State control without State management as in our School 
Boards. What Taine said should be his last words :—every 
State-managed enterprise in France costs a quarter more and 
brings in a quarter less than when it is in private hands.”’ 
A list of some of the leading works on Socialism, especially 
those referred to above, is subjoined ; it is taken from a syllabus 
drawn up by M. EH. Sadler, M.A., Oxford. 
Socialism of To-day (Orpen’s translation of Le Socialisme 
Contemporain by E. de Laveleye.).... London, Field and Tuer, 1885, 6/. 
Quintessence of Socialism by Schiiffle, translated. 
London, Sonnenschien, 1889, 2/6. 
Modern Socialism by Annie Besant. London, Free Thought Pub. Co., 1886, -/6. 
St. Simon’s works are published in Paris, Capelle, 1841, expensive. 
Le Nouveau Monde Industriel by Fourier. .............. Brussels, 1840, 7/. 
Revolution in the Mind and Practice of the Human Race, 
by R. Owen..... London, 1849, 7/. 
The Working Man’s Programme by F. Lassalle, translated. 
London, Modern Press, 1884, -/6. 
Capital, by Karl Marx, translated. ....... - London, Sonnenschien, 1887, 30/. 
Profit-Sharing by N. P. Gilman. ...,........ London, Macmillan, 1889, 7/6. 
