28 
In applying this general account to local circumstances, first 
let me refer to the evidences which we have at hand of our con- 
nection in these Tudor and Stuart days with the world outside 
our own narrow valleys. In the Shuttleworth accounts, and in 
the journal kept by Nicholas Assheton, we have references to 
journeys made from Gawthorpe and from Downham to the 
metropolis and other parts of England, and of the routes which 
were taken. From July, 1608, to May, 1609, Colonel Richard 
Shuttleworth and his family were residents of London or of 
Islington, and the entries in the accounts of the expenses of the 
journey, and the description of the route are interesting. Bear 
in mind that the value of money then was about ten times its 
present value : 
Spent at Barnett in bread and beare, 2s.; to the man which did helpe 
the caroche down Chouche hill, 6d.; Stonie Stratford, for supp and 
breakfast, 30s.; given in the house there, 2s. 6d.; to the poore 
there, 1s. ; to the musick there, 4s. 4d.; spent at Daintry for our 
dinners, 10s. 4d.; to the tapster there, 6d.; Coventry, for supp 
and breakfast, 21s.; given in the house, 3s.; to the poore, 10d. ; 
for ale, 4d.; to the gardeners, 3s. 4d.; Litchfield, for supp and 
breakfast, 30s.; howse, 3s.; poore, 12d.; to the poore by the 
waye, 3d. ; 
and so on, through Stone, Trent, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Holmes 
Chapel (in Cheshire), Budworth, Warrington, Brindle, and 
Blackburn, whence the route was through Altham to Gawthorpe. 
They had a caroche or coach which needed frequent repairs, 
significant of the state of even the great roads, and some of the 
party rode on horseback, for there are charges for mending 
Mr. Ughtred’s saddle, and for a pillow for the male pillion. 
On that occasion the route was by the north-west road and by 
Blackburn. On other occasions the north-east road was taken. 
That journey lay through Burnley, the Long Causeway, Lud- 
denden, Halifax, and so on to the great road at Doncaster. 
There are frequent entries of journeys of men on horseback or 
with carts to Halifax and to York, to bring the goods which 
came by this route from London. 
Now, I must try to trace the roads about Burnley as they 
existed in the Tudor and Stuart days, and by doing so I 
practically deal with them as they were at a later period, and 
immediately before the great turnpike revolution. There is a 
dearth of good maps of Lancashire showing the main roads. 
The beautiful county maps of Saxton (1579) and Speed (1608-10), 
are of the utmost interest to us, but they unfortunately do not 
give the roads. I have obtained three maps of the latter half of 
the 18th century, and the information they give may be read 
retrospectively, but they obviously omit important roads which 
we know were principal lines of communication at a much earlier 
period. But through the kindness of Mr. Storey and Mr. Riley, 
