13 
balance as the tide rises, and forces its way landwards with 
great rapidity. Over sand-banks the Wave is usually one long 
wall of surf advancing in a curve; in a narrow channel the 
surf is on the margin, while the centre of the curve presents a 
smooth advancing billow. Places noted for the size of the Bore 
are the Bay of Fundy, the Rivers Severn, Seine, Amazon, Hoogly, 
and the Solway Frith and Morecambe Bay. 
Rollers are another phenomenon : but their origin cannot be 
satisfactorily explained. They prevail on the small islands of the 
South Atlantic and some parts of the North Atlantic, usually 
from October to April, while at other times of the year 
they occur in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. They come 
suddenly, beginning as far as three miles from the shore, and 
frequently break in from 12 to 14 feet of water. The rollers 
augment in violence as they approach the shore and beat with 
resistless- violence along the coast. 
Wave phenomena are also caused by earthquakes and volcanic 
action, and are often of great height and velocity. They are 
larger than rollers, and much dreaded in those countries liable to 
their visitation. In the earthquake of 1755, at Lisbon, such a 
wave rose to a height of 40 feet. The effect of this wave was 
also felt on the coast of Cornwall, where the sea rose from eight 
to ten feet. 
Another wave of the sea is the Storm Wave, which frequently 
obtains gigantic proportions; far exceeding the height of 
spring-tides, and bursting over low-lying land with immense 
power and devastating effect. Several instances of such Waves 
were given by the lecturer, showing their great height and terrible 
force. 
The theory of the Wave is well defined and may almost be 
termed a modern scientific fact. Explorers into Nature’s hidden 
secrets, such as Tyndall and others, have determined the truth 
of the wave theory, whether for motion, light, heat, or sound, as 
the only true and acceptable means by which many of the 
wonders of Nature can be accounted jor. This is a grand 
conception, but partakes more of the nature of undulation than 
of the wave of the sea, as the vibrations are usually distributed 
in all directions in equal proportions. We find it in Nature, 
animate and inanimate, in every living, breathing creation, in 
hill and valley, in tree and plant, in leaf and grass, in bud and 
tree. Look where we will, this master stroke ig omnipresent. 
The Wave is the great Archetype of Creation. 
The area of the water surface of the Globe is taken to be 
127,000,000 square miles—or four times that of the land—and 
the depth of the sea ranges from a few feet in the Zuder 
