46 
In reply to questions, the Lecturer added that while the official 
language of the country was Hindustani, there were a certain 
number of local variations talked by the unlettered class. The 
language of the Punjaub was more than a dialect—it was really 
a language of itself, and spoken by a vast majority cf the people. 
He had to learn the Punjaub language because he found he could 
not make himself understood if he talked Hindustani to people in 
the country. The majority of the people were agriculturalists, and 
largely Mohammedans. The ordinary Kuropean had about twelve 
servants. Hecould not say that caste was breaking down. The more 
intellectual were looking forward to the time when caste would be 
much modified. It practically made no headway among the lower 
classes. Even with railway travelling it would be a long time 
before any effect was made on the caste system. Banks had been 
started in various places, where agriculturalists could borrow 
money at a fair rate of interest, but the natives did not take kindly 
to the change. A good deal of cotton was grown in tho Punjaub, 
but not of the sort required. The women spin and weave, but he 
did not think much cotton was exported from the Punjaub. The 
system of canals was to help, in a large measure, in minimising 
the effects of famine, together with railway communication and 
relief work. 

