28 
The earliest weapons of primitive man were found in river 
terraces of sand and gravel, and with these were associated the 
bones of the mammoth and other extinct animals. Comparison 
was made between the skulls of the European of to-day, which 
averaged in brain capacity from 1400 to 1500 cubic centimetres, 
the paleolithic skull, of capacity 1200 cubic centimetres, and 
that of the highest ape, with a capacity 500 cubic centimetres. 
Primitive man generally dwelt in some kind of rock shelter 
or in caves, such as Wookey Hole, Somerset. In the course of 
ages, the climate of Europe became much more genial. The 
old hunters passed away and with them the animals they 
hunted. They were succeeded by the neolithic man, who had a 
fixed abode and tilled the ground. He could make pottery, 
which, it seemed, paleolithic man could not do. He buried 
his dead either in caves or in mounds, and often lived in a pile 
dwelling over the water, for the sake of security against his 
enemies. 
Our present knowledge of the folk of the later stone age and 
bronze age was largely derived from their graves and tombs, 
where so many of their weapons and ornaments lie buried with 
them. This practice of burying in barrows was continued 
down to the Christian era, but generally the barrows were pre- 
_ historic. Probably the long barrows were made by the long- 
headed Iberian race which preceded the Celts in Britain. 
There was also evidence of the existence from very remote 
antiquity of a race of dwarfs, allied to the Lapps, who came 
over in canoes to Britian from Finland and Norway. 
These seemed to be the people who gave rise to all the tales 
about fairies, witches, elves, trolls, and the like. They are 
stated to have been very fond of dancing and music, and they 
loved to steal pretty women and children. The children they 
exchanged for their own, and the women they kept. The 
stories about these people in Britain, France, and Scandinavia 
are so circumstantial that it is next to impossible to disbelieve 
that they are largely based on fact, with, of course, much 
exaggeration. 
Many most interesting slides were shown from specimens 
now in the British Museum, and restorations by Hutchinson, 
Worthington, Smith, Professor Boyd Dawkins, and Rev. 5S. 
Baring Gould. 
River terraces, flint implements, harpoons and arrow-heads, 
primitive cave-dwellers, lake-dwelling settlements, Danish and 
British warriors of the bronze age, chambered cairns, hut 
circles, Cromlech and Dolmon were thrown on the screen. 
en 
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