236 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW. 
brachyurus is attributed the uniformly coloured and unspotted 
races, with short strong horns, such as the Highland, Brittany, 
Auvergne, and Schwyz breeds. Professor Boyd Dawkins, writing 
on this point, says, “the Bos longifrons, which, in our opinion, will 
ultimately be found to be specifically identical with Los taurus, 
was the variety that supplied Roman legionaries in Britain with 
beef. Whether or not the great Urus and the small Shorthorn (Bos 
longifrons) be extinct or live—the one in the large domestic 
cattle of Europe, as the Flemish oxen and those of Holstein and 
Friesland, the other in the smaller breeds—has not yet been 
satisfactorily decided.” 

Fic. 6.—The Bison (after Gesner, 1551). 
We have seen that Bos longifrons was the only variety in pre- 
Roman remains, and the middens of Roman camps show us that 
it is the only ox used by the Romans generally. According to 
the “‘ Edinburgh Review,” Bos longifrons was the principal food 
in France, Germany, Britain, and Italy throughout the Bronze 
and Iron Ages. Bos longifrons may have developed from Bos 
primigenius, but this leads to idle speculation, Anyway it has 
