WHITE CATTLE: AN INQUIRY INTO THEIR ORIGIN, ETC. 23 
not yet been proved to have existed alongside with these extinct 
Pleistocene mammalia, We may say, so far, that, of the genus 
Bos, the species Bos primigenius existed in the Pleistocene, the 

species represented by the Urus of Cesar and the Celtic Shorthorn of 
Owen existed in the prehistoric period, and species of taurus from 
one or both of these may now be living. Our latest authority on 
the Bovide 
European oxen, both of which are varieties of Bos taurus, viz., 
(1) a lowland race (Bos taurus primigenius), to which belong the 
cattle of Western Europe. Russia, and the Steppes, as well as 

Middendorff—says that there are two chief races of 

Fic. 7.—The Urus (after Gesner, 1551). 
those of the primitive forest regions; (2) a highland race (Bos 
taurus brachyceros), which has given origin to the cattle of 
Southern Europe and probably of North Africa. In Britain we 
are only concerned with Bos primigenius and Bos longifrons. 

The Bison is found with us in river gravels. This species 
2 apparently lasted through the time when man used rough 
. unpolished stone implements, but has not been found in Britain 
with the remains of the men of ‘the Polished Stone Age. The 
4 
