242 TRANSACTIONS, ‘NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW. 
ford’s “ History of Cumberland,” dated 1675, writing on cattle, 
he says—‘‘and white wild cattle, with black ears, only on the 
moores.” In the same county, then, we have a breed with Urus- 
like markings, and also this white breed, apparently not kept in 
parks, but roaming about on the moors. Now, as black breeds, 
like the white, in a semi-domesticated state are known, why, then, 
should all our “wild” race be white? Martin, in his work on 
the history of cattle (1852), notes one of these black wild breeds. 
He writes :—‘ In the Pays de Camargue, at the embouchwre of 
the Rhone, a wild, savage breed exists, less remarkabie for stature 


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Fie. 13.—Portion of skull of small Short-horned Ox (with horns), from 
Castle Connell, County Limerick, Ireland. 
than for strength and solidity of contour. The body is stout and 
robust, the belly extremely voluminous, the horns short and so 
arched as to form a perfect crescent, the skin is thick and covered 
with black hair. These cattle, which inhabit the islands of 
Camargue, in the mouth of the Rhone, a little below Arles, are in 
a semi-domesticated condition, and are noted for their strength 
and ferocity. They are said to have been brought originally from 
Auvergne. Their heavy contour, their black colour, their savage 
habits, and their great strength give them a certain degree of 
similarity to the massive Buffalo. It is this fierce breed which 
