256 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW. 
found, in the case of the specimen described. Before leaving 
Egypt, it may be noted that representations on Egyptian sculptures 
show that there was both a horned and a hornless breed. Of the 
horned variety there were apparently two breeds, one long-horned 
and one short-horned, both being of one uniform colour, while the 
polled cattle are parti-coloured. Polled cattle are also represented 
on Roman coins between B.c, 490 and B.c, 27. Egyptian sculptures 
show also a humped breed. Another variety is found at Thebes. 
They are white and black in colour, low in the legs, with the horns 
hanging loose, forming small horny hooks, nearly of equal thick- 
ness to the point, and hanging against the cheeks. The Assyrian 
sculptures show a stronger breed, with an animal more robust in 
body and having thicker horns than the animals of the Egyptian 
monuments. Besides Egypt, there are other channels through 
which white cattle entered into ancient Italy. Varro remarks 
that white oxen were rare in Italy, but the rule in Thrace, which 
is separated from Asia by the Bosphorus and Hellespont. These, 
it is conjectured, may have been Scythian cattle brought by the 
Iranian pastoral tribes and afterwards introduced into Italy. It 
may be interesting to note that Scythian cattle are said to be 
stumpy-horned by. Herodotus, while Hippocrates says they were 
hornless. Tacitus says the same of some German cattle, which 
“lacked the glory of the brow.” The Eubcean breed, of which we 
read “‘ whence our poets say white-cowed Eubcea,” was also white, 
and would probably have the same origin, for Eubcea was early 
connected with Thrace and the north. Another recruiting ground 
for white cattle would be the Roman Province of Pannonia—that 
is, the eastern portion of Austria, Carinthia, Carniola, Hungary 
between the Danube and Save, Slavonia, and portions of Croatia 
and Bosnia. In this region—a classic cattle one—three nomadic 
races encamped, and in turn drove each other out. Each brought 
new races of cattle with them, and these, perhaps, were better ones 
than those the district inherited by antiquity from the primitive 
world. The three races are represented by (1) the white Ukraine 
or Podolian or Hungarian ox; (2) Steppe cattle, small in size 
and red in colour; and (3) Kalmuck cattle of Tartar or Mongol 
hordes, small, and red in colour. The Ukraine oxen are large 
and greyish-white in colour, sometimes with tawny bodies and 
white faces, long-legged and long-horned, with upward horns, 
