414 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW. 
and the third “a black stone horse” (stallion), after which the 
meadows became common to all stock in the parish or district. 
Animals, coloured somewhat like the present ‘forest breed,” seem 
to have come into favour at one time. In The Boke of Husbandry 
(1534) we are told “concerning cows or heifers,” that they should 
have good horns, wide foreheads, black eyes, and blackish lips. It 
is also stated “they also approve of those as very good that are of a 
yellowish colour, and have black eyes, as being of a generous breed.” 
Some interesting information can also be gleaned from Conrad 
Gesner’s Vatwral History. This work was published in 1551, with 
a supplement dated 1554. It is full of illustrations, many of them 
coloured when issued from the press. Herbestein is referred to 
in the Appendix, but we may-note that Hes Moscovitice, which 
was issued in 1549, contained no illustrations. Gesner colours 
Bos and Vacca, and De Tawri reddish brown, and De Uro 
brown; and of the latter he writes, “colore et figura taw.” 
Gesner also writes about De bobus Feris Indie, De Bonaso, 
De Bisonte, and Boves Sylvestres. In the Appendix? Gesner 
treats of De Uro and Bison again, the Urus being coloured 
dark, with no black points; the Bison having black eyes 
and muzzle. Then he has De Bisone albo Scotico, and the 
illustration shows no black points at all, while the head and 
horns of the Bonasi are simply those of the Bos primigenius, 
Gesner’s information regarding Uri and Bisonis came, apparently, 
from Vienna, and of the Bovis Scotico from Glasgow.” Reference 
has been made to the probability that “park cattle” were kept 
for fresh meat. We gain some idea of farming economy of the 
past from Tusser (1557). He tells us that 
“* For Easter, at Martilmas hange up a biefe ; 
For pease fed and stall fed, play pick-purse the thiefe. 

1 Appendix Historie. Quadrupedum uiuiparorum et ouiparorum 
Conradi Gesneri. Tigurini. (1554). De Vro, p. 2; Bison, p. 4; De Bisone 
albo Scotico, p. 4; Bonasi (ut conijcimus) Caput ad scleton expressum, 
p. 5. 
2 Uri et Bisonis, Vuolfgangus Lazius Viennensis medicus, historicus, 
et a consilius potentissimi Romanorum regis Ferdinande es. 
Bovis feri Scotico et canum Scoticorum nil Britannicorum trium 
generum, vir genere nobilis et literarum cognitione nobilior, Henricus 
A. 8. Clare, metropolitan ecclesie, Glasguensis in Scotia, Decanus per 
doctrissimum urum loanném Ferrerium Pedemomanum. 
