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former idea receives much confirmation from the character of the 
ornament upon these crosses. The chief characteristic of the 
ornament of Celtic nations is an abundance of scrolls and knot- 
work, most curiously and intricately interwoven. This is found 
not only upon their manuscripts, some of which are preserved to 
the present day, but also upon the stone monuments which are 
so numerous in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and the Isle of Man. 
A comparison of some of these with the Whalley crosses 
will reveal a most striking resemblance, not only in out- 
line but also in the detail of the sculptured ornament. Two 
crosses now in existence in Pembrokeshire, one at Carew 
and the other at Nevern, are very similar. The Godly Lane 
cross is similar in outline to those at Whalley, and if 
originally ‘‘ bounded by simple fillets,” as stated by Mr. T. 
T. Wilkinson, would have a close resemblance to one which 
has recently been dug up at Cheadle. The Burnley cross 
has been removed by the owners of the estate, from its site in 
the plantation in Godly Lane, where it was threatened with destruc- 
tion, in consequence of the building operations in its immediate 
neighbourhood, and now stands in a position where it can be seen 
to advantage by the passers by, and where it is hoped that it will 
be no longer subject to that rough usage which has reduced it to its 
present state of dilapidation. It is supposed by some that this cross 
originally stood in the churchyard, and it was observed, when 
it was removed to its present position, that the cross was let into 
the basestone in a very rude way, (and also that the portion inserted 
into the base seemed so much weathered as to lead to the con- 
clusion that it had been for some considerable time exposed,) 
indicating that some unskilful persons had let it into its present 
base at a period subsequent to its original construction. 
The crosses at Whalley have also been subject to vicissitudes 
of a similar character, and although it is generally supposed that 
there were but three crosses at Whalley, there are remains of no 
less than five. The heads upon two of those now standing 
certainly formed no part of the original. All the crosses 
were broken in several places and although sufficient is left of 
them to enable a restoration of their general features to be made, 
still, as will be seen from the drawings, not one is complete. 
THE MARKET CROSSES. 
These crosses were erected in almost every town and village 
in the centre of the place of public resort; round them the 
markets were held and from their steps public announcements 
were made, in fact they served as a place of meeting upon every 
variety of occasion. 
The Rev. Dr. Milner in his History of Winchester states 
that ‘‘ The general intent of Market Crosses was to excite public 
