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47 
the square inch after seven days’ immersion in water. The 
cement is sold for about 35s. per ton at the works. 
Now of these systems I prefer General Scott's up to a certain 
point. I would stop the process at the clinker, and use it for 
forming the under bed of roads, for which it is well adapted. 
The cement is not worth the trouble of making, as so many 
superior and as cheap cements are in the market. I prefer this 
system as the raw material is so thoroughly depdorised and 
rendered harmless by burning (I should say it is in the kiln 
about 36 hours), and as a consequence ho after results are to be 
feared from the material produced, 
DisposaL OF OTHER RerusE WASTES. 
The refuse wastes not removed by the sewers include street 
sweepings, ashpit contents, garbage, &c. Now the oldest and 
commonest way of dealing with this mass of material is to 
tip it in some hollow, such as a disused sand pit or quarry to 
restore the surface of the land, and render it fit for building on ; 
Fir only as regards the surface, but far from fit as regards the 
health of all parties dwelling in- houses built on such a founda- 
tion. Although this practice must be condemned by all, it is 
still the practice most in use at the present day. Surely we 
cannot wonder at the many outbreaks of fever and sickness 
when we think of the kind of material many of our houses 
(whole streets of them) are built on. 
Now it may be asked ‘‘ What are we to do with all this mass?” 
and the question is a most natural one ; something must be done 
with it. Sir Robert Rawlinson, the Chief Engineer of the Local 
Government Board, and the great authority on all these matters, 
says, concerning this refuse—* The only way to remove it is to 
burn it in as rapid and inoffensive way as possible,”” and such is 
the growing opinion of all engineers and sanitary authorities. 
Now to render this matter of burning the solid refuse a possibil- 
ity. and indeed an easy thing, special furnaces have been invented 
for the purpose. They are two in number, viz., Healey’s Refuse 
Destructor, improved by Fryer, and now known as HEALEY AND 
Fryver’s Parent and the Ber-Hive Desrructor, invented by Mr. 
‘Stafford, the present Borough Surveyor of Burnley. 
Healey and Fryer’s Refuse Destructor, as erected at Burman- 
tofts, Leeds, is thus described by Mr. Hewson, ‘the Borough 
Surveyor: ‘It consists of ten compartments or cells (five back 
to back) formed of brick work, lined with fire bricks, and tied 
with iron rods; it occupies a space of 36 ft. by 34ft., and 12 ft. 
in height, and is so arranged that there is one inclined road 
leading from the adjoining road up toa platform, against and 
higher than the top of the destructor, on to which the refuse is 
carted. Each of the cells is capable of destroying six tons of 
