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with contempt. Indeed the Franciscans forgot their first works ; 
their religious enthusiasm passed away, and they became event- 
ually a race of greedy and sturdy beggars. 
CELTIC, ROMAN AND SAXON FOOTPRINTS| 
IN THE PENNINE RANGE. 
By TATTERSALL WILKINSON. December 8th, 1885. 
It was well for them to endeavour to rescue from the mists of 
antiquity relics of the different races which have at various 
periods inhabited the hills and valleys in their immediate neigh- 
bourhood. The district extending from Boulsworth southwards as 
far as Rossendale, offers a rich field to the ethnological student. 
The wild and inhospitable aspect of this portion of the Pennine 
Range offered no allurements to the Saxon invader, but the 
Celts, driven by the force of circumstances from the lower and 
more fertile regions, held their own in these out-of-the-way 
places up to within a short time of the Norman conquest. The 
different races which inhabit modern Europe seem to have rolled 
from east to west like waves of the ocean, each pushing forward 
its predecessor, the Celtic branches first in the following order — 
Gadhelic, or Irish: afterwards their later brethren the Cymric, 
or Welsh; then Saxon and Dane, succeeded by the warlike tribes 
of the great Sclavonic race, who occupied the country eastward 
beyond the limits occupied by the Teutons, extending from 
Bohemia to the banks of the Danube. 
CELTIC. 
On the summit of Boulsworth is a large block of millstone 
grit, named the “‘ Lladd Law.” The prefix “ Lladd” is a pure 
Celtic word signifying to kill or slaughter, while the affix Law” 
is from the Saxon ‘‘ Hleow” or hill, “‘ The killing hill,” pointing 
in an unmistakeable mauner to the time when the Druids offered 
up human sacrifices on this holy rock. Looking southward 
across Widdop valley, on the summit of the hill opposite the 
embankment of the reservoir, there stands an enormous pile of 
gritstone rocks, in appearance like the ruins of an old feudal 
castle. This group is called ‘‘ ‘The Cluthers,” an indelible foot- 
print of the ancient Celts. In Hugh’s Welsh dictionary this 
word is spelt ‘‘Cluder,” a confused heap or pile, a description 
corresponding to the character of the mass of rocks. Clitheroe 
seems to be derived from the same root, the mass of limestone 
rocks on which the castle stands being tilted up from beneath, 
