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with the stratification broken up in all directions. Turning to 
the north, ‘‘ Penygent”’ lifts up its head to the clouds, forming 
a fine background to lovely Ribblesdale. The name of this 
mountain is derived from the Cymric or Welsh, ‘“ Pen,” head or 
top, and gent from ‘“ gwint,” white, 7e., “the White Hill,” 
probably owing to its snowy crown in winter. A little beyond 
Skipton is Kilnsey Crag. The prefix ‘* Kill” is from an Erse or 
Irish derivation, one among many proofs of Gadhelic migration 
that appears like a solitary island amid a host of Cymric and 
Saxon names. The word “ Kill’’ from the Erse is ‘‘ Holy;” 
Cragg from the same source, ‘ Carreg,” a rock—‘ Holy rock,” 
Leaving the rocks and hills, and coming to the streams that 
pour out of the deep ravines of the Pennine Range, we again 
cross the footprints of the Cymry. The turbid stream, once so 
clear and limpid, that flows through your town, feeding the 
mighty machines that manufacture fabrics for the four quarters 
of the earth, is derived from two pure Celtic roots—Calder from 
Cymrie “ Cul,” Gaelic ‘Caol’’—narrow, and der from ‘“ dwr,” 
water, ‘“‘ Narrow Water,” a peculiar feature of the four Calders 
that exist in the British Isles. Another interesting Celtic root 
records their existence in Thursden, and marks the path of Celtic 
migration across the European continent, from east to west—l 
allude to the river ‘‘ Don.’ This stream springs from the bowels 
of Boulsworth, passes through Thursden Valley, and finally joins 
the Calder near Pheasantford. The word ‘“‘ Don” is Celtic, to 
flow or spread. These ancient Celtic names stand forth in bold 
relief, an indestructible record of the forgotten past. Conquest 
after conquest has rolled over our land, Roman, Saxon, Danish 
and Norman have successively established themselves, and still 
they live, breathing the spirit of a brave and warlike people who 
gave us the names of these mountains, rivers and rocks, cor- 
responding to their nature and peculiarities. 
ROMAN. 
Descending from the top of Boulsworth I arrive on the summit 
of Pike Law,—‘ pic,” from the Celtic, a high peak, and ‘* Law,” 
Saxon,—hill. Itis a prominent hill in the township of Extwistle, 
and contains the remains of an entrenched camp that overlooks 
the vast chain of Roman Camps that stretch across the base of the 
Pennine Chain from Caster Cliff, near Colne, tothe upper part of the 
Forest of Rossendale. Caster Cliff, or Tum-hill (which seems 
to spring from the Latin Zumulus,) the most northern camp, is 
composed of three circular tiers of breastworks, clearly defined. 
The outer circle is 200 yards in diameter, and is one of the most 
perfect in Britain, and according to the rules of ancient warfare, 
must have been almost impregnable. The Roman road over 
Widdop Head to Cambodunum commences at the south-eastern 
