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site of a battle on the top of the hill, with the river Brun flowing 
at the foot on its way through the dense woods that surround 
Ormerod House. It is a remarkable circumstance that the deep 
valleys and ravines that intersect the Pennine Range from Trawden 
to the Todmorden valley are named ‘‘ Deans,” from the Saxon—a 
valley, while across the hills, in the Forest of Rossendale, we find 
a great number of cloughs, stalls, launds, and booths, names given by 
theDanes. History informs usthat the ancient and original Saxons 
who landed in swarms on the east and northern shores of Britain 
were pagans, or heathen-men, and that two of their principal or 
supreme deities were Odin or Woden, and Thor. The lonely and 
secluded valley of Thorsdean, or ‘‘ Valley of Thor,” with its high 
precipitate rocks, rising up perpendicularly to the height of three 
or four hundred feet from the bed of the river, seems to bring to 
the remembrance the idea of this solitary valley having been at 
one time dedicated to the worship of the titular deity. ‘‘ Hell 
Scar” and ‘“ Hell Clough” (from the Saxon ‘‘ Holy’’) lead out of 
the valley on the Extwistle side. Cant Clough—Can from the 
Celtic means light-coloured—and Clough, Danish, Cleugh, light- 
coloured valley. This seems to be the probable derivation, the 
ground being covered with bent or moor grass, there being almost 
total absence of heather. Passing on along the foot of Black 
Hambleton, we come suddenly in view of a fine section of 
ganister rock, called the ‘‘ Kagle Rocks.” The ravine is named 
‘‘ Black Clough.” On the top of the hill that overlooks Todmor- 
den Dale, at a short distance from Keb Cote, there is a high pile of 
grit-rock, which forms a prominent feature in the neighbourhood, 
called ‘*‘ Whorlaw,’—Wheorl, from the Saxon Whael, Slaughter ; 
law, hill—‘‘ Slaughter Hill.”’ The position and other circum- 
stances seem to indicate its probable derivation. I will now give 
you a few more names out of the many that abound on all sides : 
Stiperden, (Saxon), Steop; Dean, ibid, steep valley. Gorple: 
Gor, (Celtic), wild; ley, (Saxon), a field or enclosure, wild 
enclosure. Hurstwood: Hyrst (Saxon), a wood; wood, wood. 
Within a short period of time, before a beerhouse was known 
in Widdop, the local vernacular contained a purer Saxon element 
than any other part of Lancashire and Yorkshire, but all these 
localisms are fast fading away, and soon will become a thing of 
the past. 
It is well that the successive waves have passed away, and 
that their traces are almost obliterated. The hot, fiery, and 
impetuous Celt, blended with the cool, calculating, pertinacious 
Saxon, has produced one of the finest and most intelligent races 
of mankind, whose language and influence overshadows the 
earth, and on whose possessions the sun never sets. Long may 
they continue to advance in the foremost ranks of civilisation, 
giving peace and plenty to the four quarters of the earth. 
