15 



purchased at the stalls just outsiUe the Cathedral 

 dooi ; but these would lie nothing aiore than 

 perforated hollow bells of copper or braes, with 

 a lump of loose metal inside, like those 

 still affixed to the tiappings of horses in 

 many parts of the Continunt. The " Canterbury 

 bell" proper, however, although constructed on 

 the same general principle, seems to have had its 

 own distinctive shape and symbolism. It was not 

 even shaped like an ordinary church or cathedral 

 bell, although this was naturally an exceedingly 

 popular pattern for the tokens. It was sounded, 

 not with a clapper, but by a piece of loose metal 

 enclosed in it like the bells for horses, cattle and 

 sheep, but the bell itself was of a different shape. 

 Attached to a bop of metal was a hollow, melon- 

 shaped ball, at the bottom of which, opposite the 

 loop, a cross was cut in the metal as an emblem of 

 martyidom, ani the four angles of metal thus 

 formed were turned outwards, giving to the bell the 

 appearance of a flower with four petals, open below, 

 but not wide enough for the piece of metal within 

 to drop out. In general shape, it will be seen, the 

 bell thus formed bore a close rpsemblance to the 

 beautiful old-world Kentish flower, the Canterbury 

 bell, which no doubt received its name from the 

 likeness. This conformation, involving a constric- 

 tion of the petals just above the opening of the 

 flower, is, perhaps, even more distinctly marked in 

 the lily-of-the-valley, and this has been accepted 

 by high authorities, including our late Archbishop 

 and Dean, as the Canterbury flower par excellence. 

 But the lily-of-the-valley is not the lily of pure 



martyrdom, and the humility it symbolizes is 

 hardly the distinctive characteristic of our 

 martyred arch-prelate. Speaking for myself, I 

 trust the old traditional Canterbury bell. 

 " blue for hope and white for honour,' may 

 be for ever the emblem of our City. At 

 any rate such silver beUs as I have described 

 seem to have been those which hung from the 

 cross-cords and tassels of the arrangement worked 

 by pulleys and counter-weights, used for raising 

 the outer wooden covering of the Canterbury 

 shrine itself. When the marvels of the shrine 

 were disclosed, the outer cover was raised from 

 below merely by the pulling of a cord, and as it 

 moved it set in vibration a number of little silver 

 bells, which by their musical tinkling announced 

 throughout the choir that the shrine was being 

 uncovered. Mr. Bennett-Goldney went on to give 

 a sketch of the career and ultimate martyrdom of 

 St. Thomas of Canterbury. 



At the conclusion of the discourse, which was 

 followed with the very closest attention, Mr. 

 Harvey moved a vote of thanks to Mr. Goldney 

 for his excellent and instructive lecture, every 

 word of which, he said, was of great lalue, and 

 which value would increase as the years went by. 

 He trusted that the discourse would be pre- 

 served and fully reported in the transactions of 

 the Society. The vote was very heartily accorded, 

 and in replying Mr. Bennett Goldney read an 

 extract from Chaucer's description of a pilgrimage 

 to Canterbury. 



NINTH WINTER MEETING.— MARCH 22nd, 1904. 



'WITH A CAMEEA IN THE COUNTBY."— By Mb. F. C. SNELL. 



The ninth meeting took place in the Beaney 

 Institute on Tuesday, March 22, when Mr. F. C. 

 Snell read an extremely interesting paper entitled 

 " With a Camera in the Country." The lecture 

 was profusely illustrated by lantern slides, Mr. 

 Snell's remarks being as follow ; 



The lover of Nature, living here and now at the 

 beginning of the 20th century, is in more ways 

 thaa one a particularly favoured individual. I 

 mean in having the good fortune to have placed 

 at his disposal the handmaid of science, as photo- 

 graphy has been called. Who can roam about in 

 the CJuniry he loves, without thedesireto placeou 

 record, or fix in an even more tangible form than 

 on the tablets of memory, the scenes he has known 

 and loved so well, where many a pleasant excursion 

 has been mide and numberless happy hours have 

 been spent ; and, although a well-made pencil 

 drawing or an oil or water colour sketch may, 

 doubtless, give us often a more true and faithfnl 

 impression of the scene, true in its local colouring 

 and retaining only those essential parts, those 

 personal impressions of the scenes that we wish to 

 retain, s;ill these processes are laborious and slow 

 compared with photography, and often where the 

 accuracy of detail is a first necessity, not so true 



and by no means so ready to secure the passing 

 effect, which, perhaps, prompted the desire to 

 secure the picture. And so we have offered to us 

 in modern photography a process whereby we may 

 secure the passing effect, the transient charm of 

 light and shade, a ready and rapid method of 

 illustration, an eminently portable and indispens- 

 able companion for all our country rambles, a 

 ready and easy means of bringing back with us 

 from an afternoon's excursion in the country a 

 number of more or less faithful impressions of the 

 scenes through which we have wandered and 

 which we may preserve for reference in future 

 years in memory and illustration of our early 

 rambles. 



The camera thus becomes the constant com- 

 panion of the country rambler, and excursions are 

 arranged into all the previously known spots in 

 search of subjects for illustration, as well as 

 explorations being made into hitherto unknown 

 parts in search of material, which widens the 

 experience of the photographer in the local 

 geography of his district and brings him into 

 touch with places and things which would other- 

 wise have probably been unknown and undreamed 

 of by him. A year or two may be spent in 



