lUe extraordiuaiy bci<,^hl of GOft. All the 

 architects of Bcauvais had such lofty atipi- 

 ratious that tliev exceeded the bounds of 

 prudence and disaster succeeded disaster. 

 Vaults foil in again and again, and the 

 wonderful spire, rising 445ft., collapsed 

 when the architect was examining it. The 

 lecturer then spoke of the cathedrals at 

 <,'halous-sur-Marne, Notre Dame de l\iris, 

 St. Etienne at Meaux, Chartrcs, Orleans. 

 Evreux, and Bayeux. Amoug other cathe- 

 drals and churches dealt with were the 

 celebrated Norman churuhcs at Caen, 

 the Abbey Church of Mont St. Michel, the 

 cathedrals at Coutances, Secz, Tours, Le 

 Mans, the cathedral, churches, and 

 religious buildings at Rouen and Angers, 

 the cathedrals at Nantes. Sens, Troyes, 

 Auxerre, Moulins, Nevers (where there 

 was one of the two examples in 



Fi'ance of the double apse), and Bourgee 

 (one of the finest in France). In a reference 

 to the Cathedrals of Brittany Mr. Undcr- 

 hill said they seemed to belong to a clasa 

 quite apart from those more closely con- 

 nected with the lie de France, and they were 

 not very imposing. The old Cathedral at 

 Dol contained many interesting features. 



The lectu'T was followed with great in- 

 terest, the slides (shown by the lantern 

 admirably manipulated by the Secretary, 

 Mr. A. Lander) adding a great deal to tiie 

 value of the information given. 



A hearty vote of thanks was accorded to 

 Mr. Underhill, on the proposition of Mr. 

 Mapleton Chapman, who expressed his 

 pleasure at being present, and said there 

 were several points he would like to have 

 referred to if time had allowed. 



ILLUSTRATED LECTUEE ON PHOTOGRAPHY. 

 By Mk. J. W. EADIE. 



A meeting was held in the Reference Library The breach was filled bj' Mr. J W. Eadie^ of 



of the Beaney Institute, Canterbury, on Wed- 

 nesday evening, February ] 7. The Rev. C. R. L. 

 McDowall (Headmaster of the King's School) 

 was to have lectured on "Grecian Pottery " 

 but was unable to do so. He wrote stating 

 that he hoped to fulfil the engagement later. 



London, who gave an illustrated lecture on 

 photography in which he suggested that the 

 amateur should specialise in some branch such 

 as photographs of churches, or rivers, or wood- 

 land scenes. 



THE DAWN OF FiiEEDOM IN ITALY. 

 By Mr. J. H. SHARP, B.A. 



Mr. J. H. Sharp, B.A.. Headmaster of the 

 Simon Langton Boys" School, Canterbury, 

 gave a very interesting historical addi^ss 

 on " The Unification of Italy " at the meet- 

 ing held in the Reference Library at the 

 Beaney Institute, Canterbury, on Februan 

 21. 



The lecturer commenced by stating that it 

 was impossible to discuss the question of 

 the unification of Italy without watching 

 the course of events in other parts of Europe, 

 beginning from the year 1315, when the Cun- 

 gress of Vienna rearranged the boundaries 

 of the European states. After this Congress 

 three countries, Russia, Prussia, and Aus- 

 tria, formed the Holy Alliance, the object of 

 which was to govern Eurojie by congresses, 

 and to suppress by their united forces the 

 attempt of any nation to rise against abso- 

 lutism, and to claim some share in the gov- 

 ■ornmcnt of the country. The Congress of 

 Vienna left Italy broken up into various 



kingdoms, duchies, and dependencies. 

 Venetia and Lombardy were under the con- 

 trol of Austria, Piedmont was governed by 

 Victor Emmanuel, Parma and Modeua were 

 governed by Marie Louise and a member of 

 the Hapsljurg family, Tuscany was gov- 

 erned b3' a duke controlled for all practical 

 purposes by Austria, Rome wa-i Jield by the 

 Pojje, who also governed the Papal States, 

 while Southern Italy and Sicily were under 

 Ferdinand. The bitter disappointment of 

 the nations at the retrograde action of the 

 ruling classes broke out into risings in 1820 

 in Spain, Greece, Portugal and Italy. The 

 Holy Alliance jmt down these risings, that 

 in Italy being suppressed by a large Aus- 

 trian army, and Victor Emmanuel, of Pied- 

 mont, abdicated iji favour of his brother. 

 who ruled in accordance with the wishes of 

 the Holy Alliance until his death in 1831, 

 when he was succeeded by Charles Albert, 

 who was known to sympathize with the 



