50 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HUMAN BODY. 
= fF: carpal and metacarpal bones ; in the foot, we have tarsal and metatarsal ; . 
Othe > ‘and in both there are aes The tarsg]! bones, seven in number, 
é compose the heel and the hinder part of the instep. Fig. 45 exhibits the 
beautiful arch which is formed by the bones of the foot, called the 
plantar arch from Latin 
planta, the sole of the 
foot. On the top of 
the arch is the large 
bone, D, which sup- 
ports the tibia of the 
leg, the end of which is 
seen in the figure. The 
bone, D, is supported 
principally by: the 
heel-bone F, the largest 
bone of the foot, but 
Fig. 45. also, in front, by the 
bone E, and oe liga- 
ment B, which binds E to F. D, E, and F correspond to bones 3, 4, 
and 5 in the hand ;. while in eit and at the outer side of E, are four’ 
bones corresponding to 7, 8, 9, and 10 in the hand. In the front part of 
the instep are the five metatarsal bones corresponding to 11—11 in the 
hand. To the metatarsal bones are jointed the phalanges, or bones of the 
toes, each toe having three, except the great toe; just as in the hand 
each of the fingers hea three phalanges, itt the ‘ian only two. 
Such is an audit of the bones composing the framework of the body. 
The coatings of flesh or muscle which cover this skeleton, and the skin, 
the outer covering of the whole, are now to be described. 

i 
The Muscles. 
Mouscutar TIssvE is the soft, fleshy covering of the bones, by means 
of which all the movements of - 
the body are made. This faculty 
which it possesses of causing motion 
is due to its contractility. A mass 
of this tissue attached to certain 
bones, is called a muscle. When 
a muscle is closely examined, it is 
seen to consist of a great number 
Fig. 46 of fibres regularly arranged length- 
; wise. It is further seen that these 
fibres are connected together in bundles, of different sizes, enclosed 
; 
. 1 From low Latin tarsus, Greek tarsos, the instep. anv tecd l 










