THE AMERICAX MUSEUM JOURNAE 



Political control, while we wore in 

 Pctrograd, wa;^ in the hands of the la.-t 

 Kerensky cabinet, which was socialist, 

 as three fourths of l»u.~sia is socialist. 

 I)iit which stood for a ,i:radiial workiiit:' 

 out of the socialistic projifani and for 

 a vigorous prosecution of the war. The 

 Cadet party, which includes such men 

 as Miliukoff. T.voft', and othei-s to whom 

 we have looked in the past as leaders of 

 liberal Russia, was the chief opposition 

 partv. demanding a sterner discipline 

 than Keivnsky deemed attainaldc and 

 aiming at securing the fruit of the po- 

 litical revolution with as little disturb- 

 ance of the social order as i)ossiI)!e. On 

 the other «ide. criticizing the Kerensky 

 regime from a precisely opposite stand- 

 point, as despotic and bourgeois, was 

 the then smaller minority of the Brd- 

 sheviki. 



Russia had passed through three 

 years of terrific military strain. She 

 had had two million men killed and 

 four million sick and wounded, while 

 two million and a half more were pris- 

 oners in the hands of the Central Pow- 

 ers. Yet she was maintaining an army 



of three nnllion on the front last sum- 

 mer. 



I'he medical care of the army was in 

 the hands of four great relief organiza- 

 tions, the Sanitary Department of the 

 Ai'my. the Russian Red Cross, the 

 Union of Zemstvos. and the Union of 

 Towns. Wo found those organizations 

 ])rovided with admirable factories and 

 large stoi-chou.-cs in Potrograd and 

 .Moscow, and the hospitals and system 

 of handlinLT the wounded at the front 

 and behind were, in the main, woi'thy 

 of high praise. The gigantic scope of 

 the work is indicated by the fact that 

 •^()0,()()0 hospital beds had been pro- 

 vided for the care of sick and wounded 

 Russian soldiers. The technical staff. 

 l)oth surgical and sanitary, was of high 

 grade, and suj^plies wore in general ade- 

 quate. Some things, however, were lack- 

 ing and could not be obtained in Rus- 

 sia. — motor and)ulances, certain serums 

 and vaccines, certain drugs, rubber 

 goods and the like. Our first duty 

 seemed to be to supply these specific 

 needs : and at our request the four or- 

 ganizations named above formed a joint 



Typical group of Russian soldiers at a Siberian railroad station. — It is these peasant soldiers, 

 ten million strong, who will determine the ultimate future of Russia 



