///■:i:h'i>iT)\ i:.\]-ii:().\Mi:.\T. .wn civilizmiox 355 



()tlu'i- rrasdiis iiiii;lit lie iulihu-cil wliicli noiiiadic li-ihcs. we lirst moct Iho 



ai'c loo Iciii^tliy lo lie |iiirsiii'(l lici'c: .\a\alio, wlio. we liiid. have a i^'ood deal 



such as the iiidirccl rviilciicc <d' ai'clia'- of llic Puddo ciillin'c. 'Idle ii'rcat stone 



olo^ical r\|dorat ion. It is wlicii these towns are hi(d<ini:-. iiut most of t he iiohle 



\ai'ioiis facts ai-e linke(l together that I'diiiion pei'sists. A little farthei' fi'oin 



the I'ldl stl-eniith (d' the e\ idellce is the ceiitel'. anioilii' the Apaclie and 



lioi'iie in u|HMi ns. I'inia. the i'elii;ion has |ieree|it ihl v di- 



.\ow what caused the lii'st ti"ihe in of nHni-he(| in elahoi-ateness and lineiiess. 

 ahout Centfal America to |ii'actice aiii'i- As we radiate still more, the simpliliea- 

 eultui'e. we do not know. \\\\[ we ha\c lion (d'eulture increases among the Mo- 

 at h'asl done some! hini;'. We ha\e ae- haxc. most of whose cults are of a new 

 counted f(U' the |M-e\alence (d' aiii'icul- and riid<'i' kind. Still farther out, on 

 lui'e in oui' ahoi-ii;iiud Southwest for the sIku'cs id' the I'acilic Ocean in 

 >e\ci'al thousand yeai's: and accounted s(Uit hern ( 'ali foi'nia. ajuoiii^- I he I>uiseno 

 for it wholly hy a cultural or human and ( iahi-ielino. there are still a few 

 ex])laiiation without nd'ereiu-e to (di- distinctive hut isolated I'uehio ti-aits 

 mate or ,i;'eo,i:fa|thy oi' the to|toi;ra|)liy sui'\ i\ini;'. h'oi' instance, these Indians 

 <d' the c(uintry. in shoii. the einii-on- nud\e y'round paintings, symholic i-ep- 

 niental factor |ti'oves to he so I'emote or resentations or pictures of the nniverse, 

 indii'cct oi- elusive that we cannot seri- which are clearly liased on the Pueblo 

 ously operate with it. type of altar. l)Ut foi' e\-eiT siieli 



'idle third set of faetoi's with which Puehlo-type ti'ait whi(di tliev possess, 



we have to deal is what we may call the tliei-e are ten or twenty whicdi they lack. 



]iraetiees or l)ehavior of people them- In central ('alifornia. which is still 



selves taken in the mass — their typo of more n-mote. we find here and there a 



cnltnre or civilization. I do not mean last hit of custom reminiscent of Pneblo 



necessarily hio:h civilization, bnt ty]K' cultui'c: hut always only a snggestive 



or kind of civilization irrespective of hit. so much is it whittled down. The 



its lev(d. We may in this sense speak I'm'hlo cnltnre as snch, the typical one 



as fairly of a Hottentot or Apache civi- of the Sonthwest, has vanished. In 



lization as of Oreek or French civiliza- short, we get here a set of relationships 



tion. in space very mnch of a kind with those 



We have in the Sonthwest a rather which the evolutionary l)iologist works 



good exam))le of how the phenomena of ont in time in the study of organic 



civilization nsnally arrange themselves life. 



when we look npon them geogra]ihi- AVe might represent these conditions 



cally. In the center of our area we find gra])hically very mnch as ]\rr. X. C 



fonr gronps of Pnehlo Indians — the Xels(m^ reccmtly re]n'esented his find- 



Hopi. Zuiii. Keres. and Tewa or Tano ings in regard to the ancient cnltnre of 



— who undoubtedly represent the i'litc the Sonthwest. Without reference to the 



of the native culture and, to a greater living Indians bnt on the basis of in- 



or less degree, of the aboriginal civi- vestigations of the remains of the past, 



lization of the United States. Thesi^ he constructed a step pyramid which 



fonr Pueblo tribes not only built towns had for its ape.x this very I'ogion where 



of stone and lived almost wholly by the Pnelilos are now. As he passed to 



agriculture, but they had workecl out each lower step, the arch;eological re- 



an exceedingly com])lex system of i-eli- mains were ciMider and less notable, and 



gion. with syml)olic rituals, a kind of eai li lower step was also so much nearer 

 rude ])hilosophy. and the like. When 



we leave these town-buildino- people ' Tn an addmss on tlie ".4rrIwoIogv of tlio Soutli- 



' ' . we.st. delivered before tlie Xew York Aciidomv 



and come amoni;" the nomadic or semi- of Sciences, February 2.5. i9i8. 



