440 



THE AMEBIC AX MUSE CM JOCRSAL 



just what proportion of each of these 

 racial types is represented in tlie Jews 

 of various nationalities, and no attempt 

 has heen made to do so. In Austria- 

 Hungary, the Balkan Peninsula and 

 Eussia are representatives of several 

 Asiatic types, but there, too, it is im- 

 possible to estimate the proportions of 

 these elements. On the whole, though, 

 it is safe to say that the inclusion of 

 these types as one of the three Euro- 

 pean types tends to increase our esti- 

 mates of the number of individuals be- 

 longing to the Central European type 

 rather than to the Xorth and South 

 European types. 



In iSTorway, Sweden, Denmark, Bel- 

 gium, Netherlands, and the British 

 Isles the ISTorth European type pre- 

 dominates. In the British Isles there 

 are also representatives of the Central 

 and South European types. The fact 

 that throughout the Islands the head is 

 rather long seems to indicate that the 

 South European type has been more nu- 

 merous than the Central European type. 

 In Germany we have the Xorth European 

 type in the north and the Central Euro- 

 pean type in the south. Considering 

 the country as a whole, the Central 

 European type is perhaps more numer- 

 ous. In France we have all three types : 

 the Xorth European type in the north, 

 the Central European type in the cen- 

 tral part, and the South European type 

 in the south. Here too, in Dordogne, 

 we have what is supposed to be a rem- 

 nant of the paleolithic Cro-Magnon 

 type. 



In Switzerland and Austria the Cen- 

 tral European type is predominant. 

 The North European type, however, is 

 of sufficient importance to be men- 

 tioned. In Austria the Armenoid type, 

 supposedly related to the Central Euro- 

 pean type, also occurs. In Hungary we 

 have several racial types which have 

 been little studied and poorly described. 

 The same is true of the Balkan States. 

 The words Slav, Asiatic, Mongol, and 

 Turki have been used so carelesslv in 



describing them that it is difficult to 

 make a very definite statement. On the 

 whole it seems that the greater number 

 of these people exhibit characters which 

 would identify them as belonging to the 

 Central European type. 



Eussia also presents several types. 

 The Letts and Lithuanians are of 

 Xorth European type, the Great Eus- 

 sians and White Eussians are mixed, 

 and the Little Eussians and Poles are 

 Central European types. 



In Greece the Central European type 

 predominates but is mixed with the 

 South European type. In Italy the 

 South European type predominates in 

 the south, the source of the larger part 

 of our Italian immigrants, and the Cen- 

 tral European type predominates in the 

 north. Traces of the Xorth European 

 race are also said to occur. Finally, in 

 Spain the South European type makes 

 up nearly the entire population. 



populatiox of the uxited states 



derived maixly from these 



Three Europeax Types, from 



Xegroes axd Americax Ix- 



diaxs. — dlstributiox 



amoxg the differext 



States 



Having then determined the princi- 

 pal sources of our population with some 

 idea of the racial composition of these 

 various nations, we are in a position to 

 estimate approximately the racial types 

 in the various states of our country 

 (see maps 17 to 19).^ 



It is of particular interest to note 



^ The method in estimating the racial composi- 

 tion of each state was to assign each race a given 

 value for a certain nationality and to weigh that 

 value by the relative numerical importance of that 

 nationality in a given state. The average for the 

 first twelve nationalities in numerical importance 

 in each state was taken. The same values were 

 used throughout and if the results cannot boast of 

 accuracy they certainly are consistent. On the 

 whole I believe that the results can be relied upon 

 to give us an idea of the true status of affairs. 

 If I have slightly overestimated a racial element in 

 one nationality I probably have underestimated it 

 in another, so that in an average for twelve 

 nationalities these errors should counterbalance 

 and not appreciably affect the general results. All 

 of the estimations and calculations were made 

 before a single map was plotted. 



