FACIAL TVPEs I x 'nil': rorrLATfox of rifE u. s. 



445 



Especially since this country entered 

 the great world conflict, statements have 

 appeared from time to time claiming a 

 greater amount of valor and courage or 

 num])er of enlistments for this or that 

 racial type. While such a condition is 

 entirely conceivable it is an absolute 

 certainty that no concrete data have as 

 yet been brouglit forwai'd lo uphold 

 these contentions. Before nuiking any 

 such statement we must take into con- 

 sideration Just such facts as I have tried 

 to bring out in this survey. 



Were we to go into a military train- 

 ing camp in the northwestern states or 

 in Xew England and be impressed with 

 the high frequency of individuals of 

 North European origin, we should not 

 infer from this that the North Euro- 

 pean type is the more courageous. It is 

 just what we should expect from the 

 composition of the population. Nor 

 would it be fair to the other racial types 

 to estimate the courage of the Negro 

 race by the proportion of Negroes en- 

 rolled in South Carolina, the South 

 European type by the proportion of in- 

 dividuals of this type enrolled in Texas, 

 or the Central European type by the 

 proportion of its representatives en- 

 rolled in Indiana. Further than this, 

 the social and economic status of the 

 various types must be weighed before 

 any generalization on relative courage 

 or valor can be scientificallv made. 



\ AKiATiux IN" Height, Cephalic Lv- 

 i)i:x, AND Fkequexcy of Blond 

 AND Brunette Types in Dif- 

 ferent Parts of the 

 ITnited States 



Jt may also Ix; of interest to ti'ace the 

 distribution in tbe Ignited States of 

 some of the racial characters we have 

 mentioned. This can be approximated 

 more accurately than the proportion of 

 racial types. Here as before we cannot 

 take into account the selection exer- 

 cised by migration. 



Considering first stature, we shall 

 proceed as before and weigh the average 

 stature of a national group by the rela- 

 tive importance of that nationality in 

 each state. By taking the average for 

 the first twelve nationalities in each 

 state we can get some idea of the aver- 

 age stature in each state. Here too we 

 must include the Indian, Negro, and 

 Mongoloid types. As nearly as it can 

 1)0 estimated it seems that the average 

 stature of the different states does not 

 vary more than about two inches. Tlie 

 northwestern. New England, and south- 

 eastern states have the higher averages 

 and the southwestern and north central 

 states rather lower. The Negroes help 

 raise the average in the southeastern 

 states. 



There are also considerable data on 

 head form in the different European 

 and other nationalities. Head form is 



Footnote (see maps on opposite page). — 



Map 23 was compiled by giving the average stature of the various European nationalities a weight 

 in accord with the relative numerical importance of each nationality in each state. There is a range of 

 only about 2 inches in the averages of the various states. AVhen we consider the range of stature for 

 mankind as a whole it will be recognized that the inhabitants of the United States are a rather tall 

 people. There seem to be three centers of very high stature which gradually merge into a region of 

 shorter stature that extends obliquely across the country from southwest to northeast 



In map 24, also, the average cephalic indices of the various nationalities are weighted by their 

 numerical importance in each state. Although wo must expect to find the entire range of head form 

 well represented in the United States, the averages are not very different. The longer-headed peo- 

 ples (with the smaller indices) seem to be concentrated along the east and west coasts and along the 

 southern border. The longer heads in the south are in part due to the relatively high frequency of 

 Negro and southern European types. The large central area presents a greater number of short-headed 

 individuals and a higher average cephalic index 



Degree of pigmentation is a racial character. Map 2.5 aims to show the approximate percentage and 

 distribution of blondness, or a slight degree of pigmentation, in the United States. In this map "blond- 

 ness" includes not only those individuals popularly known as blonds but also those that are scientifi- 

 cally known as dark and mixed blonds. The criteria arc the color of hair and eyes. Since there seems 

 to be a correlation between pigmentation in all parts of the body these criteria are consistent. Indi- 

 viduals having blond hair more frequently have blue or gray eyes. Again the large number of Negroes 

 and southern Europeans in the south accounts for the darker pigmentation in that region 



