36 



THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOUllNAL 



into southeastern Long Island. This 

 resulted in a far more profuse migra- 

 tion along these shores, as the birds 

 struggled westward against the wind on 

 their way to the more direct fiightway 

 down the Atlantic shore. Identical be- 

 havior has been repeatedly noted in the 

 ease of the butterflies and dragon flies. 

 So, although many observations have 

 been made with a great variety of wind 

 direction prevailing, days of north or 

 northwest wind have been intentionally 

 chosen owing to the greater opportuni- 

 ties they offer for the observation of less 

 common, and in some cases, so far as 

 the writer knows, tlie hitherto unnoted 

 autumn butterflv migrants of Lono- 

 Island. 



Still another local feature should be 

 noted: the fifty- foot-wide board walk- 

 that, supported on concrete pillars, ex- 

 tends for several miles along the beach 

 in close proximity to the ocean. For 

 when the winds are especially severe 

 from the northern quarter, many but- 

 terflies travel in the protective trough 

 or valley formed by the dune slopes and 

 the northern side of the walk; while 

 many are even driven beyond this bar- 

 rier between them and the ocean, and 

 in its southern lee, work their way 

 steadily west in the measure of protec- 

 tion it affords. 



The detailed records which follow in- 

 clude observations of the year 1916, 

 and were made in the immediate 

 vicinity of this walk. For although 

 butterfly migrants other than "mon- 

 archs" have been noted in previous 

 years, both here and in Connecticut, 

 only recently have they been clearly 

 identified by repeated capture of nearly 

 all the species concerned. These notes 

 were made, of course, from a fixed sta- 

 tion, and represent only a small part of 

 the butterflies which were doubtless trav- 

 ersing the beach some distance awav. 



August 12, 1916. Wind northwest. 



The flightvvay at Long Beach is visited at 

 2.20 P.M. 



A profuse migration of dragon flies is in 

 progress including a greater number of 

 species than the writer has ever before 

 observed at one time. Epiceschna heros, 

 Libellula pulcJiella, Tramca lacerata and 

 Anax Junius are in the majority with a 

 greater number of Epiceschna heros than any 

 other species. A less number of Celithemis 

 elisa, Libellula semifasciata, Pachydiplax 

 longipennis, Enjlhrodiplax berenice and 

 Sympetrum rubicundulum are also present. 

 All alike are traveling steadily west along 

 the south side of the board walk, until they 

 reach the obstructing buildings to the west 

 when they turn diagonally northwest against 

 the wind and pass through the streets of 

 Long Beach. This divergent path is fol- 

 lowed throughout the migratory season, 

 although some individuals fly directly west 

 without diverging. "Monarchs" are pres- 

 ent but not in great numbers, flying side by 

 side with the dragon flies. At 4.30 P.M. two 

 dark-winged butterflies, almost certainly 

 Vanessa antiopa, pass west and are followed 

 by one Basilarchia disippus. 



August 15. Faint breeze from the south. 

 10.20 A.M. A scattered procession of "mon- 

 archs" is passing steadily west. (In all 

 following records the westward direction of 

 flight will be imderstood unless another 

 point of the compass is indicated.) 



10.21. Libellula pulchella passes. 



10.22. Libellula pulchella passes. 

 10.35. Epiceschna heros passes. 



10.37. Libellula pulchella passes and is fol- 

 lowed by Vanessa antiopa. 

 10.43. Libellida pulchella passes. 

 10.45. Pyrameis hunter a. 



11.30. Pyrameis huntera. 



11.31. Pyrameis huntera. 

 11.35. Epiceschna heros. 



2.35. Pyrameis huntera. 

 From 2.35 until 4.20 only one moxeLibellula 

 pidchella and another Pyrameis pass. A 

 day of sparse migration, as not one "mon- 

 arch" is seen during the latter part of the 

 afternoon. 



August 20. Wind southeast. 

 11.30. Vanessa antiopa. 

 11.35. Anosia plexippus. 

 11.55. Basilarchia disippus. 



From 12.15 until 6 p.m. no "monarchs" 

 are seen. 



September 3. Moderate wind from the 



northivest. 



10.15 a.m. Many thousands of "monarchs" 



are in migration. Dozens of Grapta interro- 



gationis var. fabricii, Colias philodice and 



Pyrameis Mint era are also passing. 



10.30. Catopsilia eubule passes east. 



From this time until 12 M. three Junonia 

 coenia and one Grapta pass west. 

 1 P.M. Two Graptas pass, then three Juno- 

 nias and several Colias philodice. Catop- 

 silia eubule passes east. 

 1.25. Vanessa antiopa. 



