AUTUMN MIGRATIONS OF BUTTERFLIES 



37 



2.10. Grapta intcrrogaiionis var. fahricii. 

 2.15. A humming bird. 



3.45. Grapta. 



3.46. Pyrameis liunicra. 

 3.55. Grapta. 



The remainder of the afternoon is spent 

 in study of the resting "monarehs" on bay- 

 berry bushes bordering the marsh. 



September 4. Wind northwest. 

 8.20 A.M. Scattered procession of "mon- 

 arehs. ' ' 

 9.05. Vanessa antiopa. 



From this time until 10.45 six Pieris rapes 

 pass west, also one Vanessa antiopa and one 

 Grapta. 



The wind shifts, becoming south at noon 

 when Pieris travels more indiscriminately 

 here and there over the dunes. 



September 8. Wind southwest. 

 11.10 A.M. Scattered procession of Epiceschna 

 heros, Tramea laccrata and Libellula pul- 

 chella passes. 



11.45. Pieris rapce passes in scattered 

 groups steadily east. Fifteen or eighteen 

 are in view at a time. 



11.46. Junonia ca'nia. 



11.56. A "monarch" passes with Grapta. 

 12.35. During the last fifty minutes, Pieris 

 has continued to stream steadily east in 

 procession. 



12.40. A "monarch." 



12.41. Grapta. 



12.55. Grapta. 



Dragon flies of the three species noted 

 have continued to pass west. 



12.56. Catopsilia enhule passes east. 

 1.10. Catopsilia euiule passes east. 



A moment afterward Catopsilia passes me, 

 going west. 



2.30. Catopsilia euhule passes east. 

 2.45. Dragon fly movement diminishing. 

 3.45. A storm gathers in the northwest and 

 a pouring rain, accompanied by a gale from 

 the west, sweeps over the shore. The beach 

 is hidden by flying clouds of sand ; all mi- 

 gration is obscured. 



September 9. Wind northwest. Clear 



weather, a drop in temperature to 68° in 



central Long Island. 



10 A.M. Many thousands of "monarehs" 



are passing west with a lesser number of 



Epicpschna heros. 



10.15. Colias philodice. 



Several Graptas. 



Later in the morning other Graptas pass, 

 with Colias philodice and a number of Pyra- 

 meis hunt era. 

 4.45. A humming bird. 

 4.50. Pyrameis atalanta passes. 



September 16. Wind north. 



From 11.10 am. until 12 m. steady streams 

 of "monarehs" pass in thousands, also a 

 few Colias philodice, dozens of Pieris rapce, 

 one Basilarchia disippus, several Graptas 

 and a few dragon flies, mostly Epiceschna 

 heros and Anax Junius. 



12.10. LihcUula piilrhcUa and Catopsilia 



eubule pass west. 



12.25. A humming Ijird, many "monarehs" 



and Pieris rapce. 



1.10. A humming bird. 



Hundreds of "monarehs" pass, also scnne 

 Graptas, Libellula pulchella, Tramea lace- 

 rata and a few Epiceschna heros and Colias 

 philodice. 



2.15. A humming bird. 

 2.45. A humming bird, also Grapta. 

 3.30. A humming bird. Occasionally jMHO?iia 

 ccenia passes with a few small dragon flies. 

 Thecla melinus passes in a scattered proces- 

 sion of considerable extent. The small red 

 dragon flies Sympetrum rubicundulum pass. 

 4.10. A humming bird. 



A day of profuse migration. "Mon- 

 arehs" in the majority, then Grapta (forty 

 or more), an equal number of Pieris rapce, 

 as many Colias philodice and a dozen or 

 more Junonia ccenia. 



September 24. A strong wind from the 

 northwest. 



10.45. Thousands of "monarehs" stream 

 west, with dozens of Graptas, Colias philo- 

 dice, Pieris rapce and a less number of Ju- 

 nonia ccenia. Few dragon flies are pres- 

 ent, mostly Anax Junius, Libellula pulchella 

 and EpicESchna heros. The small red dragon 

 fly Sympetrum rubicundulum occasionally 

 passes. 



Later in the day several dozen Junonia 

 ccenia pass, Pyrameis huntera is frequent, 

 Graptas not so common. A few hawks pass.i 



From these records it seems fair to 

 conclude that the following butterflies 

 are habitual westward autumn mi- 

 grants on Long Island: Anosia plexip- 

 pus, Pyrameis liunteva, Vanessa an- 

 tiopa, Grapta interrogationis var. 

 fahricii, Colias philodice, Pieris rapce, 

 Jimonia ccenia and probably Basilar- 

 chia disippus, Pyrameis atalanta and 

 Thecla melinus, although the records 

 for these last three species are much 

 less complete than the others. 



When we consider this concourse of 

 insects traveling steadily westward 

 along southern Long Island the ques- 

 tion naturally arises as to their exact 

 future course, and more particularly, 

 how and where they leave the island. To 

 determine this point a number of later 

 visits were made to Norton Point wliich 

 is the western tip of Coney Island and 



' Bird migrants have not been particularly noted 

 in these records except the humming birds, which 

 are sufficiently rare to be worthy of notice. 



