42 



The Journal of Heredity 



vate schools as Japanese (1,350). The 

 Chinese, however, have increased only 

 to 4,000, whereas there are now 15,000 

 Japanese children. Chinese form 10% 

 of the total school population ; the Jap- 

 anese form 40%. Only 2,000 of the 

 Chinese in Hawaii are now working on 

 the sugar plantations. Reece states : 

 *'The Chinese in Hawaii are all from 

 Quantung and largely from Canton. 

 They exhibit, therefore, the racial char- 

 acteristics of the southern Chinese, be- 

 ing short, dark-skinned, and suggestive 

 of Malay extraction. Their mental 

 traits are those of the Chinese in gen- 

 eral. They are plodding, thrifty, in- 

 veterate workers, content with simple 

 living, stolid, and capable of excelling 

 in those activities which involve 

 memory and imitation rather than 

 originality." 



Table I (see Appendix) shows the 

 racial elements involved in all Chinese 

 marriages in Hawaii during the five- 

 year period 1913-1917. Accurate data 

 are not available for earlier years, but 

 the essential facts concerning race mix- 

 tures would be substantially the same 

 if records covering a longer period were 

 available. The data are from the offi- 

 cial records of the Territorial Board of 

 Health. 



MARRIAGES OF CHINESE 



The racial preferences shown by the 

 Chinese men may be grouped as fol- 

 lows : 58% chose Chinese wives, 10% 

 chose wives of mixed Chinese blood, 

 20% chose Hawaiian wives, 14% chose 

 wives of mixed Hawaiian blood. None 

 married Korean women, and only 4 

 married Japanese women. Of the 613 

 matings, 425 married Asiatics, 167 mar- 

 ried Polynesians, and 14 married Cau- 

 casians. Nearly all of the Chinese 

 women married Chinese men. Seven 

 married Chinese-Hawaiians, 6 married 

 Americans, and 4 married Hawaiians. 

 Only 1 married a Korean, and only 2 

 married Japanese. 



Nearly all of the Chinese-Hawaiian 

 men selected wives with Hawaiian 

 blood, either pure Hawaiian, Caucasian- 

 Hawaiian, or Chinese-Hawaiian. Onlv 



7 out of 173 married Chinese women. 

 None married Japanese, Koreans, or 

 Filipinos. Eight married Portuguese. 

 The Chinese-Hawaiian women likewise 

 selected, or were selected by, men 

 of Hawaiian, Caucasian - Hawaiian, or 

 Chinese - Hawaiian blood. Fifty-nine 

 were married by Chinese men, 15 by 

 Americans, and 15 by Portuguese. 



Of the 240 Chinese-Hawaiian women 

 Q7 married Asiatic husbands, 109 

 Polynesian husbands, and 32 got Cau- 

 casian husbands. 



CONCLUSIONS 



Over half the Chinese men marry 

 Chinese women, while most Chinese 

 women marry Chinese men. A large 

 percentage of the Chinese men marry 

 Hawaiian or part-Hawaiian women. 

 Very few Chinese women marry Ha- 

 waiian or part-Hawaiian men. 



FEW MARRIAGES WITH AMERICANS 



Only one Chinese man has married 

 an American woman ; a few Chinese 

 women have been married by American 

 men. 



An appreciable amount of mingling 

 has taken place between the Chinese 

 and the Portuguese ; Chinese and Chi- 

 nese-Hawaiian men marry Portuguese, 

 Spanish, Hawaiian, Caucasian-Hawa- 

 iian, etc. Chinese-Portuguese men and 

 women marry Portuguese, Spanish, 

 Hawaiian, Caucasian - Hawaiian, etc. 

 There is remarkably slight mingling be- 

 tween Chinese and Japanese or Koreans. 

 A few Chinese men have married 

 Japanese women, and a few Chinese- 

 Hawaiian women have been married by 

 Koreans. There have been a few mar- 

 riages of Americans and North Euro- 

 peans with Chinese and Chinese- 

 Hawaiian women ; the Caucasian min- 

 gling is chiefly through the Caucasian- 

 Hawaiian, who intermarry freely with 

 the Chinese and Chinese-Hawaiians. 



The most significant feature is the 

 large number of m,ixed marriages, in 

 which the Chinese, Hawaiian, and Cau- 

 casian strains intermingle. Reece states : 

 "There seems to be no reason to doubt 

 that the mixing will proceed at a mod- 



