RACE MIXTURE IN HAWAII 



(Second Series) 



Vaughan MacCaughey 



College of Hazvaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 



PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH 



THE first paper of this series 

 dealt with the Chinese, the Jap- 

 anese and the Koreans. Por- 

 tuguese were imported as la- 

 borers for the sugar plantations, the 

 principal influx occurring about 1880. 

 They stand second only to the Chinese 

 in length of residence in Hawaii, and 

 now constitute the chief "white'' labor. 

 In the case of both Portuguese and 

 Spanish a large percentage (50% or 

 more) of the original immigrants have 

 been dissatisfied with conditions of 

 labor in Hawaii and have emigrated to 

 California. Most of the Portuguese 

 were imported, at the expense of the 

 Government or planters, from Madeira 

 and Fayal. The immigration of foreign- 

 born Portuguese into Hawaii, to 1910, 

 has been as follows : 



Previous to 1890 5000 



1891-1895 470 



1896-1900 215 



1901-1905 . . 110 



1906 425 



1907 1,215 



1908 -140 



1909-1910 780 



There has been little immigration 

 since 1910. At present there are about 

 24.000 Portuguese in Hawaii, 3,400 of 

 whom are laborers on the sugar planta- 

 tions. In 1917 there were about 6.000 

 Portuguese children in the schools ; they 

 comprise 15% of the total school enroll- 

 ment and exceed all other nationalities 

 except the Japanese. 



The Portuguese have about 3,000 

 registered voters in Hawaii and com- 

 prise politically the best element in 

 Hawaii's diverse immigrant population. 



The marriages during a typical five- 

 year period (see previous paper for 

 data) have been as follows: 



90 



FULL-BLOODED FORTUGUESE 



Nationality of mate Meyi Women 



Total marriages 1,139 1,463 



Portuguese 991 991 



American- Portuguese 1 



British-Portuguese 1 12 



German- Portuguese 2 



Swedish-Portuguese 1 



Norwegian- Portuguese 1 



Spanish-Portuguese 1 1 



Mexican-Portuguese 1 1 



Italian-Portuguese 5 



Chinese- Portuguese 4 2 



Japanese-Portuguese 1 



Spanish 20 20 



Italian 1 



Greek :... 1 



French 6 



Galician 1 2 



Mexican 1 



American 6 194 



British 3 15 



Norwegian 1 4 



Swede 4 



Dutch 1 



Dane 2 



German 4 16 



German-Spanish 1 



Austrian 1 1 



Russian 3 4 



Chinese 11 



Japanese 8 



Korean 9 



Filipino 2 58 



Porto Rican 3 24 



Hawaiian 40 31 



Caucasian-Hawaiian 34 24 



Chinese-Hawaiian 13 8 



Japanese-Hawaiian 1 



South Sea Islander 1 



Other nationalities 1 6 



SUMMARY 



1. The majority of Portuguese men 

 marry Portuguese. Their national pref- 

 erences, outside their own group, in 



quantitative sequence are : Hawaiian. 

 Caucasian-Hawaiian, Spanish, Chinese- 

 Hawaiian. 



