94 



The Journal of Heredity 



AMERICANS, BRITISH, GERMANS 



The "white" population of Hawaii 

 numbers about 25,000, classed as 

 follows : 



Army and Navy 7,000 



Americans, civilians 16,000 



British 1,000 



Germans 1,000 



During the period following the dis- 

 covery of Hawaii by Captain Cook 

 (1778), British influence became pro- 

 nounced, and many English and Scotch 

 came to Hawaii. At the present time 

 many of the old plantation managers 

 are Scotchmen, and before the war there 

 was a slender but constant migration 

 from Scotland to Hawaii. In Van- 

 couver's time the Hawaiian chiefs ceded 

 the islands to Great Britain, but this 

 action was not ratified by Parliament. 



The political destinies of Hawaii were 

 sealed by the arrival of the American 

 missionaries in 1820, and the develop- 

 ment of the North Pacific whaling in- 

 dustry in later years. For over a cen- 

 tury Americans have shaped and con- 

 trolled the life of Hawaii. During the 

 middle of the nineteenth century, when 

 Prussia began her futile dream of 

 world-empire, German trading stations 

 were established in Hawaii. With the 

 rapid growth of the sugar industry these 

 posts became powerful commercial agen- 

 cies of strategic Pan-Germanistic value. 

 This fact was demonstrated during the 

 recent war, during which the German- 

 "American" community of Hawaii was 

 a veritable hotbed of espionage, dis- 

 loyalty, treason, and criminal acts. 

 Virulent disease germs were secretly 

 disseminated under direction of the Ger- 

 man consulate, and were only controlled 

 by the prompt and drastic action of the 

 territorial authorities. 



The preceding brief sketch will indi- 

 cate the origin and character of the 

 American, British, and German groups 

 in Hawaii. Most of the industrial, finan- 

 cial, mercantile, and professional leader- 

 ship in Hawaii resides in the American- 

 British group. A considerable percentage 

 of the German colony is of low-grade 

 peasant origin and ranks with the 

 Spanish and Portuguese. Table II 



(page 95), showing marriages during 

 the five-year period 1913-1917, is simi- 

 lar to those of previous papers in this 

 series and the data are comparable. 



SUMMARY 



1. Only one-half of the American 

 men married Americans ; most of the 

 American women married Americans. 

 In numerical order, American men mar- 

 ried Americans, Portuguese, Caucasian- 

 Hawaiians, Hawaiians, British, Ger- 

 man, Chinese-Hawaiians, and Porto 

 Ricans. 



2. Only 13 American men and 3 

 American women married Asiatics ; 

 15 American men married Chinese- 

 Hawaiians ; 223 married women of 

 Hawaiian or part-Hawaiian blood. 



3. The 116 American women who did 

 not marry American men married, in 

 order : British, Caucasian-Hawaiians, 

 Germans, Hawaiians, Portuguese. 



4. British men married, in order: 

 Americans, British, Caucasian-Hawai- 

 ians, Hawaiians, Portuguese, German, 

 Norwegian. British women married, in 

 order : British, Americans, Caucasian- 

 Hawaiians, German, Portuguese. 



5. Most Germans married others than 

 Germans ; in order : American, Cauca- 

 sian-Hawaiians, Portuguese, Hawaiians, 

 British. 



6. These tables show the definite 

 blends that are occurring between 

 American-British-German stocks and 

 such stocks as the Hawaiians, part- 

 Hawaiians, and Portuguese. The direct 

 blending with Asiatic stocks is almost 

 negligible, although considerable inter- 

 mixture is taking place via the Chinese- 

 Hawaiians. 



From the eugenic standpoint there 

 can be no doubt that many, if not most, 

 of the intermarriages of the American 

 and North European stocks with dark- 

 skinned peoples are biologically zvnste- 

 ful. The Englishman, for example, who 

 marries a Hawaiian, a Hindu, or a 

 Chinese, may have offspring of superior 

 quality, but most of the Caucasian-Ha- 

 waiians seem to blend the least desirable 

 traits of both parents. The English- 



