ARCH HZOLOGY OF WYOMING 109 
probably farther east, but west of the Missouri River. Perhaps much 
of it will be found in the North Platte valley. 
Petroglyphs were seen and photographed on the sandstone cliffs and 
cave walls of Oil Creek, which is on the edge of the Black Hills, some six 
miles west of Newcastle. Some of these petroglyphs were identical in 
character with those found last year near Hammond in the southern 
part of the state. Pictographs, one of them in red, and the others in 
black and drab, were found in a large sandstone cave overlooking the 
northern side of Muddy Creek in the foothills of the Big Horn Moun- 
tains, about fourteen miles southwest of Buffalo. Some of these also 
resembled the Hammond petroglyphs in outline. Others seemed to 
represent shields and similar objects used by the recent Plains Indians. 
Along the route were seen numerous circles of stone marking ancient 
house sites and a few piles of rock of problematic use, both classes of 
remains resembling those seen last year in the southeastern part of the 
state. Nothing, however, was found to indicate that any of the remains 
were as recent as the coming of the first white men to the region, since 
no glass beads, iron arrowpoints or similar materials were found associ- 
ated with them. On the other hand, nothing was seen which would 
prove their great antiquity, or show that they were older than the 
securing of the horse by the native peoples who formerly lived in this 
part of the country. 
While, of course, these results are hardly sufficient to prove that man 
did not occupy the region until after the introduction of the horse gave 
him a beast which would facilitate his movements out into the buffalo 
plains, and until after the settlements in the east had begun to crowd 
the Indians westward, nevertheless this negative evidence suggests quite 
strongly that at least a portion of the Great Plains was uninhabited until 
after the horse was known to the Indians. ‘There are certainly no deep 
deposits of village refuse or many antiquities to be found in the region, 
such as are easily discovered in places that are known to have been 
inhabited for a period antedating the coming of the horse, as for instance 
Ohio and the state of Washington. ‘To be sure, the results of quarry- 
ing are extensive, a great deal of stone having been removed, but those 
who know the real Indian are aware that this work could have been 
done in a comparatively short period of time. 
While, on the whole, the results of the two archeological trips to 
Wyoming suggest that that particular region was not inhabited until 
