322 



The Journal of Heredity 



or learned arts, such as knowledge of the 

 square root of 256, some element of original 

 capacity has a share. 



We have recently witnessed numer- 

 ous popular, largely rhetorical, tirades 

 against mental testing on the ground 

 that it did not measure "heredity 

 alone" or "intelligence alone." No 

 psychologist of whom the writer is 

 aware has ever claimed that he had 

 measured heredity or intelligence 

 "alone." One writer exclaims with 

 rhetorical flourish that he "has won his 

 case" if he has proved that intelligence 

 tests have not measured hereditary 

 intelligence separate from all environ- 

 mental influences. His "case" never 

 existed. It is admitted in advance. 

 But biologists and psychologists have 

 found that the assumption that they 

 were measuring either native endow- 

 ment or else environmental influences 

 separately has enabled them "to think 

 more conveniently and successfully" 

 and the method is "so general and 

 useful" that they have made great ad- 

 vances towards solutions of some 

 phases of the problem and illumination 

 of others. Despite the warnings of pop- 



ular journalists who have never been 

 inside of a laboratory, they have 

 thought it "best to follozv it through- 

 out," and will probably continue to do 

 so, "remembering always," as all sound 

 students of the problem do, the quali- 

 fications which Prof. Thorndike cites, 

 which are inherent in the very nature 

 of protoplasmic movement and which 

 in human beings rise to the point of 

 seemingly purposive behavior. 



Consequently the above data is 

 merely cited as being in harmony and 

 not in discord with the general trend 

 of more exact investigations. 



Many twins have written of other 

 sets of twins among their relatives, 

 some of which data is being perused 

 by Dr. Charles B. Davenport, to whom 

 the correspondence has been handed. 

 Two pedigrees are presented herewith, 

 made up from the statements of in- 

 formants and are probably exact. They 

 throw little light upon the method of 

 inheritance but emphasize the notion 

 that twinning is probably a hereditary 

 trait in some strains of the human 

 family. 



Social Conflict and Education 



(Continued from Page 296) 



lucid and disinterested presentation 

 procures a hearing for his program of 

 adustment by progressive leadership. 



The greatest force in effecting this 

 ideal social organization for the com- 

 mon weal is, Professor Williams be- 

 lieves, education. Throughout the book 

 are statements of the need and power 

 of education to right a wrong condi- 

 tion. The press, labor unions, religion, 

 are recognized as educational media 

 su])plementing schooling. 



Real education is a powerful factor 

 in progress. Education is recommend- 

 ed to improve such seemingly divergent 

 conditions as those of industry and 

 academic life. There is no greater 

 study than man and the author's plea 

 for a study of psychology in its social 

 relations is well founded. The heredi- 



tarian, however, believes man in his 

 biologic relations a greater study. 

 Nevertheless the chapters on public 

 education are particularly valuable ; 

 they should be of especial interest to 

 educators and students of environment. 

 However difficult of achievement any 

 ideal organization may be, we are 

 bound to adopt Professor Wiliams' at- 

 titude that knowledge is power. Intel- 

 lectual analysis is a force of progress. 

 Let us then have presentations by such 

 able analyists as the author. Through 

 his writings a teacher of the world be- 

 yond the classroom, "he addresses di- 

 rectly the thoughtful man in whatever 

 class he may be found. And the aim 

 is not for his assent but to challenge 

 thought and perhaps dissent." 



F. L. 



