Wriefht: Bates' Duchess Cattle 411 



^t> 



Bert 



ram 



Hultonf 117/ ^(=a-nny ^^ c '* 



lull \.HT r T ^ fai/flunte 



Frederick \ n^^ry c 'r 



y 1060 \ r r oe^^Twin-hnvourite. 



Orbit -^^^^ ^ComeX Major39;— Comet 



ise<4 Otmmcm— ravoi»r*.C< 



ft/la I or ^ 6!?0 ^ Wildalr — Fa-voi^rite 



^ , I ~ Phenomenon-Favourite 



Red DcUSi^ \^ 4l^ ^^^Favuarite 



Fafourile 



\. 



/Wmili'Ji"— Favourite 

 ./ 698 -- Venus 



Qambler ^^''^ D^usy- Favour it. 



2046 , G-corac .^FavouriXz 



Barm pToo^ 2.7r ^ '-<^<»T qrace^FaVoorcte 



c r / ^Red Ro5^ — r<u/oi/rae 



eclipse 



/238 \ Q _+ _ /Ceorqe Favoonte 



\ l\/\«ji Roje — Fai/ourtte 



IVlaUldd \ . . ^R<jd- Roic^FaVOortte 



Nonpare/I ^Welii'tijTon— Comet 



(-Ot^^^ Vuno Favourer 



Au 



rora 



\ fkitoorilc 



PEDIGREE OF GAMBIER 



Figure 18. The bull Gambier (2046) was bred by Jonas Whitaker. The numerous 

 lines tracing to Favourite (252) and Comet (155), the son of Favourite, are shown. There 

 are, however, other lines early in the pedigree which trace to the bulls, Foljambe, Dalton 

 Duke, Hubback, Ben, and Punch, and to the cow Phoenix (Dam of Favourite), which are 

 not shown to avoid undue complexity, but are taken account of in calculating coefficients of 

 inbreeding and relationship. 



cent and 55 per cent respectively), and Lads, sired by the Duchess bull. Short- 

 both were genetically almost as closelv tail, and through her grandson, 2nd 

 related to the Duchess with which Duke of Oxford, with two Duchess 

 they were mated as ordinary full top crosses, the result was merely that 

 brothers and sisters (47 per cent and Bates kept the degree of inbreeding' 

 49 per cent). from rising above its previous level by 

 The most important "outcrosses" in introducing this dash of outside blood, 

 the later years were those with the We must conclude that Bates simply 

 descendants of the Matchem Cow. maintained from the beginning to the 

 The latter was not closely related to end of his breeding career a certain 

 the Duchesses or even to Favourite average degree of relationship between 

 (R = 22 per cent), but as her blood the animals he mated (about 60 per 

 was introduced into the Duchess line cent), a degree distinctly higher than 

 only through her sons, the Cleveland that between an ordinary brother and 



