Xiv CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
b. The Tuber f : 3 ' , : ; . Teo 
2 ne ibalp : ‘ : ‘ J , » = Was 
d. The Corm 3 2 ; ‘ ; 9 : (Se 
SECTION 2. 
THE ROOT OR DESCENDING AXIS . s .' tae 
1. True or Primary Root. ; ; 2 4 
Distinctive Characters of Stems mad Hoots : , _ eas 
2. Adventitious or Secondary Root 2 : ; ; Se aS 
Aerial Roots : ‘ : : : ; : ., £80 
Epiphytes or Air Plants 4 : : : : <> sees 
Parasites . F 3 A ; : ; Ra e's 
Duration of Roots . s > ‘ : : : : .  » ees 
1. Annual Roots ; : ; : ; i : «| eee 
2. Biennial Roots . 3 : . 2 ‘ ; ae 
3. Perennial Roots . . s° kd@a 
Roots of Dicotyledons, Monocotyledons, and Acrogens . xf see 
1. The Root of Dicotyledons . ; ; : ; . Sof 
2. The Root of Monocotyledons  . A ; . cee 
3. The Root of shin tag or Acrogens : Z ; ee 
Forms of Roots . ‘ é : 2 ae 
SEcrIon 3. 
THE LEAF OR PHYLLOME . : : . 140 
1. General Description and Parts of the Leaf ’ ; ow, ES. 
Duration and Fall of the Leaf . ‘ ; : f ae 
Parts of the Leaf . 5 ‘ ; ae o 
9. The Internal Structure of Tenree A ; ‘ : cs ae 
1. Aerial Leaves . : m : ; : ; =. ee 
A. The Petiole . : : : : : : . 143 
B. The Lamina . : : ‘ . tae 
1. Fibro-vascular System ; ; j ; i “i432 
2. Parenchyma or Mesophyll : P ; 7 see 
Submersed Leaves ; : 4 , : « A145 
ae a and es) ied of Rear es : 5 ‘ ee 
1. Insertion ; .. 146 
2. Arrangement of heey es on ne Stent, or ‘Phy llotaxy . . 146 
Alternate Leaves. 3 - J - . +8 
Opposite and Whorled eae es , 7 i~ta en 
Phyllotaxis in different Natur al Orders, Sa ; ait) oe 
3. Arrangement of the Leaves in the Bud, or Vernation 4 Be 
a, aan or Blade ; A . . : ; ee ee 3 | 
Venation or Nervation ° ° Pie ay} 
1. Varieties of Reticulated o or Netted Venation ah ees 
A. Feather-veined or Pinnately-veined 6 . 138 
B. Radiated or Palmately-veined : ee 
2. Varieties of Parallel Venation ; A : -» LGB 
Venation of the Leaves of Cormophytes . F . ame 
