CONTENTS. 
CHAPTER 3. 
OrGANS OF NUTRITION OR VEGETATION 
Section 1. 
THE STEM OR CAULOME 
1. Internal Structure of the Stem in general 
A. Exogenous or Dicotyledonous Stem 
1. Pith or Medulla 
2. The Medullary Sheath . 
3. The Wood or Xylem 
Duramen and Alburnum 
Age of Dicotyledonous Trees 
Size of Dicotyledonous Trees 
4. Cambium-layer or Cambium 
5. Medullary Rays : 
6. The Bark or Cortex . 
a. The Liber, Inner Bark, or Phlogm_ 
b. The Cellular Envelope, Green Layer, 
Phelloderm 
Corky or Suberous Layer 
Growth of the Bark 
B. Endogenous or Monocotyledonous Stem 
Internal Structure : 
Origin and Growth of the Fibro- vascular Bundles 
Growth by Terminal Buds 
Anomalous Structure of Monocoty ledonous Stems : 
Age of Monocotyledonous Trees 
C. Acrogenous Stem, or the Stem of Cormophy tes . 
Internal Aimcture of Fern Stems 
Growth by Terminal Buds 
2. Buds and Ramification . 
A. Leaf-buds or Buds 
B. Ramification or Branching . 
1. Non-development of the Regular Buds 
2. Adventitious Buds P 
Embryo Buds . : p 
3. Accessory Buds. : 
3. Of the Forms and Kinds of Stems and Paehes: 
Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees . : J 
Kinds of Stems and Branches . : 
1. Aerial Modifications of Stems and Branches 
a. The Runner or Flagellum . 
b. The Offset . 
c. The Stolon . : ; 
d. The Sucker . 
e. The Rhizome or Boateng. 
2. Subterranean Modifications of the Stem aad ata ie 
a. The Creeping Stem 
or 
Xill 
