FASCIATED BRANCHES.—EXTRA-AXILLARY BRANCHES. 113 
to a corresponding number of branches. In some Aristolochias, 
in Walnuts (jig. 223, b), in the Tartarian Honeysuckle (jig. 
224, b), and other plants, the accessory buds are arranged one 
‘above the other. Sometimes the uppermost bud alone develops 
(fig. 223, b), as in the Walnut, and thus the branch which is 
formed arises above the axil of the leaf, in which case it is said 
to be extra-axillary. In the Tartarian Honeysuckle (fig. 224, 
b), the axillary or lowest bud is that which forms the strongest 
branch, over which a number of smaller branches are placed, 
arising from the development of the accessory buds. In some 
trees, as the Larch, and Ash, and frequently in herbace- 
ous plants, these accessory buds, instead of forming separate 
branches, become more or less united, and the branches thus 
HIG. oes PIG. 2235 Bie. 224. 
(2. 
ry 
Fig. 222, Branch of a species of Maple with three buds, 
a, placed side by side. Fig. 223. A piece of a 
branch of the Walnut-tree. p. The petiole having 
in its axil a number of buds placed one above the 
other, the uppermost, b, most developed. Fig. 224, 
A piece ofa branch of the Tartarian Honeysuckle 
( Lonicera tartarica), bearing a.leaf,7, with numerous 
buds, b, in its axil, placed above one another, the 
lowermost being the most developed. 
produced then assume a more or less flattened or thickened 
appearance. Such abnormal branches are commonly called 
fasciated. These branches may, however, be produced by a 
single bud developing in an irregular manner. 
Besides the above three principal sources of abnormal or 
irregular development of the branches, some minor ones also 
arise from the formation of extra-axillary branches in other ways 
than those just alluded to. Thus the stem may adhere to the ’ 
lower part of the branch, which then appears to arise from above 
the axil of the leaf ; or to the petiole, when it appears to arise 
from below it. Other irregularities also occur, but they are of 
little importance compared with those already mentioned. 
3. Or THE Forms AND KINDS OF STEM AND BRANCHES.—In 
form the stem is usually more or less cylindrical, while in other 
I 
