VARIETIES OF THE MONOSEPALOUS CALYX. 227 
If the union between the sepals is unequal, or the parts are 
of different sizes, or of irregular figures or forms, the calyx is 
said to be irregular (fig. 462) ; if, on the contrary, the parts are 
alike in figure and form, of the same size, and united so as 
to form a symmetrical body, it is ,eqular (fig. 461). Some 
varieties of the irregular and also of the regular calyx have 
received special names. Thus in the Dead-nettle (jig. 462), 
the irregular calyx is said to be labiate, bilabiate, or lipped, 
because the five sepals of which it is composed are united in 
such a manner as to form two lips. Of the regular forms of 
the monosepalous calyx a number are distinguished under the 
names of tubular, bell-shaped or campanulate, urceolate (fig. 
461), conical, globose, &c. The application of these terms will 
be also shown when speaking of the corolla, in which similar 
forms occur, and in which they are usually more evident. 
The tube of a monosepalous calyx, or of that of a perianth 
(the parts of which, like the sepals, are frequently united to 
a varying extent), sometimes p. 4g: Fre. 465, Fra. 466, 
adheres more or less to the 
ovary, as in the Iris, Goose- 
berry, Currant, Myrtle (jig. 
463, cal), in all the plants of 
the order Composit, and in 
those allied toit( figs. 464-466), 
and in numerous other plants. 
When this takes place, the 
calyx is said to be adherent, 
or, because it appears to arise 
from the summit of the ovary, 
it is termed superior; the 
ovary in such a case is then a Wey 
described as inferior. When NY \ Wa 
the calyx is free, or quite Fig. 464, Calyx of the Madder (Rubia), ad- 
distinct from the walls of the __ herent tothe ovary, with itslimb reduced 
Bjary, os.in tho Pimpernel {9,0,ne12 Tims, Pi. $85, One of the 
(jig. 458), Wallflower, Poppy, mum), The calyx is completely united to 
and Buttercup, it is said to the ovary and presents no appearance of 
b é Ahorent r a limb.— Fg. 466. One of the tubular 
€ Sree, Non-adherent, OY ti- florets of the Sunflower (Helianthus). The 
ferior ; and the ovary is then _limb of the adherent calyx is mem- 
termed superior. Peau 
When the calyx or perianth is thus adherent to the ovary, 
its limb presents various modifications: thus in the Iris, 
Crocus, and Orchids, it is petaloid ; in the Quince, foliaceous 
(fig. 473) ; in the Sunflower (jig. 466), and Chamomile, it is 
membranous ; in the Madder (fig. 464), it exists only in the form 
of a circular rim ; while in the Ox-eye it is altogether absent 
(fig. 465). In the two latter cases the calyx is commonly 
described as obsolete. In many plants of the order Compositie 
and the allied orders Dipsacaceze and Valerianacez, the limb 
Q 2 
