228 SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR CALYX.—PAPPOSE CALYX. 
of the calyx is only developed in the form of a circle or tuft of 
bristles, hairs, or feathery processes, to which the name of 
pappus is given, and the calyx under such circumstances is said 
to be pappose. The pappus is further described as feathery or 
plumose, and sim- 
ple or pilose ; thus 
it is feathery, as 
in the Valerian 
(fig. 467), when 
each of its divi- 
sions is  cover- 
ed on the sides 
by little hair-like 
projections ar- 
ranged like the 
barbs of afeather ; 
and pilose, when 
the divisions have 
no marked pro- 
jections from their 
- sides, as in the 
Fr ee 
by a stalked pilose pappus. Scabious (fig. 
468). The pap- 
pus is also described as sessile when it arises immediately 
from the tube of the adherent calyx, and thus apparently from 
the top of the ovary or fruit, as in the Valerian (fig. 467) ; 
and stalked or stipitate, if it is raised above the ovary or fruit, 
on a stalk, as in the Dandelion and Scabious (jig. 468). 
APPENDAGES OF THE CaLtyx.—The calyx, whether mono- 
sepalous or polysepalous, is subject to various other irregu- 
Fic. 467. Fic. 468, 
Fic. 469. Fig. 470.- 
Fig. 469. Flower of 
the Indian Cress 
(Tropwolum). ¢. 
Spurred calyx. 
— Fig. 470, Ca- 
lyx of Hibiscus 
surrounded by 
an epicalyx or 
involucre. 
larities besides those already alluded to, which arise from the 
expansion or growing outwards of one or more of the sepals 
or the tube of a monosepalous calyx into appendages or pro- 
cesses of different kinds. Thus in the Monkshood (fig. 457), 
