APPENDAGES OF THE CALYX.—DURATION OF THE CALYX. 229 
the superior sepal is prolonged upwards into a sort of hood or 
helmet-shaped process, in which case it is said to be hooded, 
helmet-shaped, or galeate. In the Wallflower (fig. 25, c), and 
other plants of the Cruciferze, the two lateral sepals are ex- 
panded on one side at the base into little sacs, when they are 
termed gibbous or saccate. If the calyx has one or more 
tubular prolongations downwards, it is said to be spurred. 
Only one spur may be present, as in the Indian Cress (fig. 
469, c), where the spur is formed by three sepals ; or in the 
Larkspur, where it is formed by one; or each of the sepals 
may be spurred. In the Pelargonium, the spur instead of 
being free from the pedicel, as in the above instances, is 
united to it. 
On the outside of the calyx of some flowers, as in those of 
many plants of the Mallow (jig. 470), Pink (fig. 474, b), and 
Rose orders (jig. 456), there is placed a whorl of leaf-like organs 
which is considered by some botanists as an outer calyx, and to 
which the name of epicalyx or calyculus has been accordingly 
given ; but this outer whorl is evidently of the same nature as 
the involucre already noticed (see page 193), and has been so 
described in this volume. 
DuRATION OF THE CaLtyx.—The duration of the calyx varies 
in different flowers. Thus it is caducous or fugacious, when it 
Fic. 473. 
Fig.471. Flower of the Poppy, showing a caducous calyx. 
Fig.472, Accres- 
cent calyx of the Winter Cherry (Physalis Alkekengi).——Fig. 473. Ver- 
tical section of the fruit of the Quince (Pyrus Cydonia), showing the 
tube of the calyx adherent to the matured carpels, and forming a part of 
the pericarp ; the free portion or limb being foliaceous. 
falls off as the flower expands, as in the Poppy (jig. 471). In 
the Hschscholtzia the calyx, which is caducous, separates from 
the hollow thalamus to which it is articulated, in the form of a 
funnel, or the extinguisher of a candle. A somewhat similar 
separation of the calyx occurs in the Hucalyptus, except that 
