MONOPETALOUS OR GAMOPETALOUS COROLLAS. 233 
will now proceed to describe under the two divisions of regular 
and irregular. 
A. Regular Polypetalous Corollas.—Of these we may mention 
three forms, viz. the cruciform or cruciate ; the caryophyllaceous ; 
and the rosaceous. 
1. Cruciform or Cruciate.—This corolla gives the name to the 
natural order Crucifere ; but it also occurs elsewhere. It con- 
sists of four petals, usually with claws, as)in the Wallflower (fig. 
25, p), and Stock ; but sometimes without claws, as in the Celan- 
dine, and the whole arranged in the form of a cross. 
2. Caryophyllaceous:—This consists of five petals, with long 
claws enclosed in the tube of the calyx, and with their limbs 
commonly placed at right angles to the claws, as inthe Campion, 
Single Pink (figs. 474 and 475), and Carnation. 
3. Rosaceows.—This is composed of five petals, without, or 
with very short claws, and spreading in a regular manner, as in 
the Strawberry (jig. 456), and Single Rose (fig. 476). 
B. Irregular Polypetalous Corollas.—There are many anoma- 
lous forms of irregular polypetalous corollas to which no particular 
names are applied. There is one form, however, which is of much 
importance, namely, the Papilionaceous. 
This derives its name from the fancied resemblance which it 
bears to a butterfly. It is composed of five petals (fig. 452), one 
of which is superior or posterior, and commonly larger than the 
others, and termed the vexillwm or standard (fig. 477, v) ; two 
inferior or anterior, which are usually more or less united and 
form a somewhat boat-shaped cavity, car, called the keel or carina; 
and two lateral, a, called the wings or ale. 
2. MonoPeraLous oR GAMOPETALOUS CoroLLA.— When the 
petals unite so as to form a monopetalous corolla, various terms 
are used as in the case of the monosepalous calyx to indicate 
the degrees of adhesion ; thus the corolla may be partite, cleft, 
toothed, or entire, the terms being employed in the same sense 
as with the calyx (see page 225). The part also where union 
has taken place is in like manner called the tube, t, the free 
portion, the limé, 1, and the orifice of the tube, the throat or faux 
(fig. 478). 
The monopetalous corolla, like the monosepalous calyx, is 
regular when its parts are of the same size, and of like figure 
or form, and united so as to form a symmetrical body (jigs. 
478-483) ; or if these conditions are not complied with it is 
irregular (figs. 484-495). Some varieties of both regular and 
irregular monopetalous corollas have received special names, as 
follows :— 
A. Regular Monopetalous Corollas.—Of these we may describe 
the following :— 
1. Tubular, where the form is nearly cylindrical throughout, 
the limb not spreading ; as in Spigelia (fig. 478), and in the 
