THE ANTHER AND ITS PARTS. —~ 245 
into two cavities, d, d, d, d, by a septum which passes from the 
connective to the walls of the anther. The cavities thus formed 
in the lobes of the anther are called cells or loculi. All anthers 
in an early stage of development possess fowr loculi, and this 
Fie. 514, Fie. 515. Bre ol. 
Fie. 519. 
x 
\ 
Fig. 514, Four-celled anther of the Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus), 
a. Filament bearing an entire anther. 0. Section of the anther with its 
four cells. — Fig. 515. Andrcecium of Milkwort (Polygala), with eight one- 
celled anthers dehiscing at their apex. Fig.516. One of the stamens of 
the Lady’s Mantle (Alchemilia). The anther is one-celled, and dehisces 
transversely. Fig. 517. Stamen of the Sage (Salvia). jf. Filament. c. 
Connective bearing at one end a cell, /f, containing pollen, when it is 
said to be fertile; and at the other end a cell, 7s, without pollen, in 
which case it is sterile. ——/ig. 518, The Essential Organs of Repro- 
duction of the Vine (Vitis vinifera). a, Anther. ¢. Furrow in its face 
which is turned towards the pistil or gynecium, 6. Suture or line of de- 
hiscence. The anther is introrse. Fig. 519. The perianth cut open, 
showing the stamens, of the Meadow Saffron (Colchicum autumnale), with 
the faces of their anthers turned towards the floral envelopes, and hence 
termed extrorse. 
is considered the normal state. When a fully-developed anther 
exhibits a similar structure, as in the Flowering Rush, it is fowr- 
celled or quadrilocular (figs. 514, b, and 537, 1) ; or when, as is far 
