DEVELOPMENT OF THE FRUIT FROM THE OVARY. 297 
plants, similar changes are produced in the matured ovary by the 
abortion or obliteration of certain parts. 
38rd. Other changes are caused in the ovary as it proceeds to 
maturity, in consequence of the alteration of parts, as, for in- 
stance, from a great development of succulent parenchyma. Thus, 
as already noticed, the thalamus of the Strawberry (jig. 605) 
becomes enlarged and succulent, and forms what is commonly 
termed the fruit, but the real fruit consists of the small dry 
carpels which are scattered over its surface (jig. 661). The pulp 
of the Guava, Gooseberry, Tomato, and some other fruits, in 
which the seeds are imbedded, appears to be produced from the 
placentas ; and that of the Orange is of a similar nature. 
Fie. 658. Fie. 689. Fia. 661. 
Fie. 660. 
SS 
= 
Fig. 658. Transverse section of the fruit of the Pretrea zanguebarica. From 
Lindley. Fig. 659. A vertical section of a cell of the ovary of 77ibulus 
terrestris. 0, 0,0. Ovules. ec. Projections from the wall which are com- 
mencing to separate the ovules. Fig. 660. A vertical section of a cell of 
the mature ovary or fruit of the same, in which the partitions, c, com- 
pletely separate the seeds, g— Fig. 661. Fruit of the Strawberry. 
From the above examples it will be evident that, although 
the fruit consists essentially of the mature ovary or ovaries, yet 
that in the progress of the latter towards maturity it becomes 
frequently much altered from its original structure, so that in 
order to have a clear idea of the nature of the fruit, it is impor- 
tant to examine that of the ovary, and trace its development up 
to the fruit. 
GENERAL CHARACTERS OF THE FrRvuit.—The structure of the 
fruit resembling in all important particulars that of the ovary, 
the modifications which it presents, as to composition, position, 
&c., are described by similar terms. Thus we may have simple 
and compound fruits, as also apocarpous and syncarpous ones. 
Simple fruits, like simple ovaries, are normally one-celled or 
