CONCEPTACULUM—ACHANIUM—ETERIO. 313 
other respects the two fruits are alike. In Magnolia glauca (fig. 
667), and some other species of Magnolia, the follicle opens by 
the dorsal suture instead of the ventral. Examples of the follicle 
occur in the Columbine (jig. 697), Hellebore, Larkspur, and 
Aconite (fig. 698), in all of which plants the fruit is composed 
of three or more follicles placed in a whorled manner on the 
thalamus ; in the Asclepias, Periwinkle, and Peony (fig. 699), 
where each flower generally forms two follicles ; and in the Lirio- 
dendron and Magnolia (fig. 667), where the follicles are nume- 
rous, and arranged in a spiral manner on a more or less elongated 
thalamus. It rarely happens that a flower produces but a single 
follicle; this, however, sometimes occurs in the Peony and in 
other plants. The two follicles of Asclepias are more or less 
united at their bases, and the seeds, instead of remaining attached 
to the ventral suture, as is the case in the true follicle, lie loose 
in the cavity of the fruit. This double fruit has therefore by 
some botanists received the distinctive name of Conceptaculum. 
2. The Acheniwm or 
Achene is a superior, one- Fia. 700. Fra. 701. 
celled, one-seeded fruit, See 
with a dry indehiscent OY 
pericarp, which is separ- Se A 
able from the seed, al- xX ae 
though closely applied to ~/> 
it. Linneus mistook as 
some of these achzenia for iN 
seeds, and called the 
plants producing them 
gymnospermous (naked- 
seeded). Such fruits may 
Fig. 700. Vertical section 
of an achzenium of the 
be, however, generally 
distinguished from seeds 
by presenting on some 
point of their surface the 
remains of the style. 
This style is in some cases 
very evident, as in the 
Pasque-flower (Ane- 
mone Pulsatilla). The 
fruit is said to be tailed 
in this instance in con- 
sequence of being sur- 
mounted by a feathery 
style. Fig. 701. 
Achenia of Bugloss 
(Lycopsis ). 
Clematis (jig. 657), and 
Anemone (jig. 700). Ex- 
amples may be seen in the Clematis and Anemone, as just 
noticed, and in the plants of the orders Labiatze and Bora- 
ginacez (jig. 701). In rare cases we find a flower producing 
but a single achzenium. 
3. The Etxrio.—When the achzenia borne by a single flower 
are so numerous that they form more than a single whorl or 
series, they constitute collectively an etario. Examples may be 
seen in the species of Ranunculus and Adonis where the achenia 
are placed upon a convex thalamus of a dry nature ; and in the 
Strawberry (jig. 702), where they are situated upon a fleshy 
