SAMARA— CARCERULE—AMPHISARCA. 315 
It is, moreover, generally considered as being of a compound 
nature, from the presence of two or more styles and stigmas 
on the ovary (fig. 601). It is found in the Oat, Maize, Rye, 
Wheat, Barley, and generally in the Grass order. These fruits, 
like the achznia, are commonly called seeds, but their true 
nature is at once evident when they are examined in their early 
state. 
2. The Samara is a superior, two- or more celled fruit, each 
cell being dry, indehiscent, one- or few-seeded, and having its 
pericarp extended into a winged expansion. Examples may be 
found in the Maple (fig. 706), Ash, and Elm. By some botanists 
each winged portion of such a fruit is called a samara, and thus 
such fruits as the Maple are considered to be formed of two 
united samaree. 
Fic. 706. 
Bie tOts 
Fig. 704. Caryopsis or fruit of the Oat.—— 
Fig. 705. The same cut vertically. o. Peri- 
carp. ¢. Integuments of the seed. a. Al- 
bumen or endosperm. c. Cotyledon. g. 
Gemmule or plumule. 7. Radicle-— Fig. 
706. Samara or fruit of the Maple.——Fig. 
707. Carcerule or fruit of the Mallow 
(Malva). 
3. The Carcerule is a superior, many-celled fruit, each cell 
being dry, indehiscent, and one- or few-seeded, and all the 
cells more or less cohering by their united styles to a central 
axis. The common Mallow (fig. 707) is a good example of this 
fruit. 
4. The Amphisarca is a ‘superior, many-celled, indehiscent, 
many-seeded fruit, indurated or woody externally, pulpy in- 
ternally.’ Examples, Omphalocarpus, Adansonia, Crescentia. 
