POME—BALAUSTA. ANTHOCARPOUS FRUITS. 321 
ovaries or carpels ; while by others the placentas are regarded 
as parietal, and the fruit normally one-celled, as defined above. 
Those who adopt the first view believe that each placenta sends 
outwards a process towards the walls of the fruit, and that 
these processes ultimately reach the walls and then become bent 
inwards and bear the seeds on the curved portions. If these 
processes remain, the fruit is three-celled ; if, on the contrary, 
they become absorbed, it is only one-celled, and the placentas 
are spuriously parietal. According to the view here adopted, 
the placentas are parietal and send processes inwards which meet 
in the centre, and thus render the fruit spuriously three-celled ; 
or, if these are afterwards obliterated, or imperfectly formed, 
the fruit is one-celled. This fruit is illustrated by the Melon, 
Gourd, Cucumber, Elaterium, and other Cucurbitaceze. The 
fruit of the Papaw-tree resembles a pepo generally, except in 
being superior. 
3. The Pome is an Fic. 723. 
inferior, indehiscent, 
two or more celled, few 
seeded, fleshy fruit ; 
the endocarp of which » 
is papery, cartilagin- 
ous, or bony, and sur- 
rounded by a fleshy 
mass consisting of me- 
socarp and _ epicarp, 
which is generally con- 
sidered to be formed Fig. 722. Vertical section of the pome or fruit of the 
by the cohesion of the Apple (Pyrus Malus).——Fig.723. Vertical section 
general parenchyma of of the balausta or fruit of the Pomegranate. 
the ovary with the tube 
of the calyx. Some botanists, however, regard the fleshy portion 
as consisting of the enlarged end of the flower-stalk, in which the 
true carpels are imbedded. Examples may be seen in the Apple 
(fig. 722), Pear, Quince (fig. 473), Medlar, and Hawthorn. 
4. The Balausta is an inferior, many-celled, many-seeded, 
indehiscent fruit, with atough pericarp. Itis formed of two rows 
of carpels, one row being placed above the other, and surrounded 
by the calyx ; the seeds being attached irregularly to the walls or 
centre. The Pomegranate fruit (jig. 723), isthe only example. 
2. FRUITS FORMED BY THE COMBINATION OF SEVERAL 
FLOWERS. 
These fruits have been termed Anthocarpous, as they 
consist not only of the mature carpels of several flowers 
united, but also usually of the bracts and floral envelopes in 
combination with them, that is to say, the whole inflorescence 
is blended to form the fruit. They have been also called 
¥ 
