ae2 ANATROPOUS AND AMPHITROPOUS OVULES. 
exactly the reverse of that of orthotropous ones—hence such are 
called anatropous or inverted ovules. This arises from the adhe- 
rence of the funiculus to the outer coat of the ovule, so that 
during its development the base of the nucellus is pushed up 
and completely inverted, so that the chalaza (fig. 746, ch) is 
removed from the hilum, h, to the geometrical apex of the 
ovule ; the micropyle, f, being at the same time turned towards 
the hilum, i. In anatropous ovules a connexion is always 
maintained between the chalaza and the hilum by means of a 
vascular cord or ridge called the raphe (fig. 746, 7), which is the 
elongated funiculus adherent to the ovule. This raphe or cord 
of nutritive vessels passing from the placenta or funiculus, and 
which by its expansion forms the chalaza, is generally situated 
in anatropous ovules on the side which is turned towards the 
Fic. 746. 
Fie. 747. 
Fig. 746. Vertical section of the anatropous ovule of the Dandelion. i. 
Hilum. jf. Micropyle or foramen. x. Nucellus. s. Base of the nucellus. 
ch. Chalaza. 7, Raphe.——fig. 747. Longitudinal section of the amphi- 
tropous or transverse ovule of Lemna trisulca. jf. Funiculus. 7. 
Nucellus. p. Primine. sec. Secundine, s. Embryo-sac. ch. Chalaza, 7. 
Raphe. m. Micropyle. From Schleiden. 
placenta or funiculus. Anatropous ovules are very common ; 
examples may be found in the Dandelion (fig. 746), Apple, and 
Cucumber. 
Besides the three kinds of ovules mentioned above there is 
another kind more rarely met with which is intermediate between 
orthotropous and anatropous, to which the name of amphitropous 
has been given. In this ovule, which is also called heterotropous 
or transverse, the hilum, f, is on one side, and the micropyle, m, 
and chalaza, ch, are placed transversely to it (jig. 747), and 
therefore parallel to the placenta. In this case the hilum is 
connected to the chalaza by a short raphe, r. 
The further development of the ovule will be described 
hereafter under the head of Reproduction of the Phanerogamia. 
