‘ 
336 GENERAL CHARACTERS OF THE TESTA. 
certain points of the testa, constitute what is called a coma, and 
the seed is said to be comose. 
Other seeds, again, have winged appendages of various 
kinds ; thus, in the Sandwort (jig. 754), the testa is prolonged, 
so as to form a flattened margin to the seed, which is then de- 
Fie. 753. 
Fig. 753. Seed of a species of Pinus, with a winged ap- 
pendage, w.— Fig. 754. Marginate or bordered seed of 
Sandwort (Arenaria).——Fig. 755. Comose oval seed of 
Asclepias, — Fig.756. Comose seed of aspecies of Willow 
(Salix). 
scribed as marginate or bordered ; while in the seeds of the Pinus 
(fig. 753, w), Catalpa, Bignonia, Swietenia, Moringa, &c., the 
testa forms wings, and the seed is said to be winged. These 
winged seeds must be carefully distinguished from samaroid 
fruits, such as the Ash, Elm, and Maple (jig. 706), where the 
wing is an expansion of 
Vie. 757. | the pericarp instead of 
= the testa. In like man- 
ee “ds Sui Peele Set ee hairy seeds should 
7 ~ ig. , ung ana- . 
IN’ AE ON felis seed of theo. MOb i Be confounded with 
FP. AoE White Water-Lily pappose fruits, such as 
ATHEROS \ A (Numphea alba) cut those of the Compositze 
BHR ree Ae XD } vertically. ¥F. Funi- : P 
F ae RESTON \ culus, A, A. Gelati- Dipsacacez (fig. 468), and 
I eee : ne - eaael Valerianacee (fig. 467), 
SE A ENT = nents l seed, . 
Bp ReNch| = Sita R. Raphe. where the hairy processes 
1-8 Pyioe| Scat 3 ch. Ope late. M. Micro- belong to the calyx. 
ARTES E pyle. Ss. Embryo-sac. ‘ 
NB oY Fl E. Rudimentary em- Beneath the testa, in 
Nettet| Cee pryo. anatropous seeds (figs. 
OE) SLRS s e 
ch Suing 757, R, and 748, rap), and 
Sinners the modification of these 
SA 
termed amplhitropous, the 
raphe or vascular cord 
connecting the hilum with the chalaza is found. Its situation 
is frequently indicated by a projecting ridge on the surface 
of the seed, as in the Orange, while at other times it lies in a 
furrow formed in the substance of the testa, so that the surface 
