386 REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF FUNGI.—BACTERIA. 
spores) ; whilst the former very narrow elongated cells are sterile 
branchlets, which are known as the paraphyses. The ascospores 
are produced by the process of free cell-formation. 
That which we have been describing, however, is merely one 
phase of the life-history of Peziza, as this is one of the Fungi in 
which a clearly marked alternation of generations exists. Thus 
at a certain period of the year there appear on the Peziza myce- 
lium branches directed vertically upwards, which, after branch- 
ing and rebranching, produce structures by means of which a 
sexual process takes place. These consist of antheridiw (fig. 
848, i), and what may be termed oogonia, a, the latter being 
Fig. 847. Fic. 848. 
=a 
TO) 
Pain ereds © 
4 Lode VEE a 
ee ; a se 
(SRNL Ge Os Dy 
ID Lo 
Zs cS 
BE 
On 
Wary 
OT a 
> : 
et SY 
Fig. 847. sh. Sub-hymenial layer of the mycelium or hyphe of Peziza con- 
vecula. a, b, c,d, e,f. Successive stages of development of the asci and 
ascospores intermixed with slender paraphyses. After Sachs, ——Fig, $48. 
h, h. Mycelium or hyphe of Peziza confluens. a. Oogonium with hooked 
process, 7. %. Antheridium. After Tulasne. 
ovoid vesicles placed at the extremities of the branchlets ; whilst 
the former is an elongated club-shaped body rising from below 
the base of the oogonium. The antheridium, 7, finally unites 
with the oogonium, a, through the interposition of a hook-shaped 
process, f, on the latter, and as a result of the fertilisation a 
number of hyphee, h, h, shoot up from the base of the oogonium, 
which ultimately develop so as to form the fructification which 
we have already examined. 
Bacteria.—A very large and important group of orgatlisms is 
that of the Bacteria. Where these should be placed is still some- 
what a matter of doubt ; but they are more commonly arranged 
among the Fungi, forming the order Schizomycetes of the group 
Protomycetes. Cohn includes them amongst the Algze, though 
they differ materially from Algz in the fact that they will not live 
in clean water, but require decomposable substances for their 
