JUSSIEU'S NATURAL SYSTEM. 417 
Juss1Ev’s Narurat System.—To Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, 
however, belongs the great merit of having first devised a com- 
prehensive natural system. His method was first made known 
in the year 1789. It was founded upon the systems of Ray and 
Tournefort, to which he made some important additions, more 
especially in considering the position of the stamens with respect 
to the ovary. The following table, which requires no explana- 
tion, represents his arrangement. 
Class. 
1. Acotyledones. 
(Stamens hypogynous. 2. Monohypogyne. 
Monocotyledons - Stamens perigynous. 3. Monoperigyne. 
Stamens epigynous. 4. Monoepigyne. 
Stamens epigynous. 5. EHpistamine. 
‘Apetalee - Stamens perigynous. 6. Peristaminez. 
(Stamens hypogynous. 7. Hypostaminee. 
8 
9 
0) 
Acotyledons 
. Hypocorolle. 
Corolla hypogynous. 
. Pericorolle. 
Corolla perigynous. 
i 10. Epicorolle Syn- 
Geel antheree (anthers 
coherent). 
Corolla epigynous. ~ 11. Epicorolle Coris- 
antherve (anthers 
distinct). 
Dicotyledons. 
(Petals epigynous. 12. Epipetale. 
Polypetalee oe hypogyrous. 13. Hypopetale. 
Petals perigynous. 14. Peripetale. 
Diclines irregulares 15. Diclines. 
Under these fifteen classes Jussieu arranged 100 natural 
orders or families. This was the first natural arrangement in 
which an attempt was made to assign characters to natural 
orders, but so admirably were these drawn up, that they have 
formed the basis of all succeeding systematists. Indeed, the 
limits of a great many of Jussieu’s natural orders are identical 
with those of the present day. 
De Canpouie’s NaturAL SystEM.—The next system of note 
after that of Jussicu, was that of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, 
which was first promulgated in 1813. This system, modified, 
however, in some important particulars, is that which is most 
in use at the present day, and which, generally, in its essential 
divisions, we shall adopt in this volume. In the first place, De 
Candolle divided plants into two great divisions or sub-king- 
doms, called Vasculares or Cotyledonez, and Cellulares or 
Acotyledonez, the characters of which are as follows :— 
Division 1. Vasculares, or Cotyledonex ; that is, plants possessing 
both cellular (parenchymatous) tissue and vessels ; 
and having an embryo with one or more cotyledons. 
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