422 BENTHAM AND HOOKER’S SYSTEM. 
Sub-class 2. Hypogynous Exogens, or those with hermaphrodite 
or polygamous flowers; and stamens entirely 
free fromthe calyx and corolla. 
Sub-class 3. Perigynous Exogens, or those with hermaphrodite 
or polygamous flowers, and with the stamens 
growing to the side of either the calyx or corolla ; 
ovary superior, or nearly so. 
Sub-class 4. Epigynous Exogens, or those with hermaphrodite or 
polygamous flowers, and with the stamens grow- 
ing to the side either of the calyx or corolla ; 
ovary inferior, or nearly so. 
Neither of the other classes are divided into sub-classes, but 
of Endogens four sections are distinguished thus :— 
1. Flowers glumaceous (that is to say, composed of bracts not~ 
collected in true whorls, but consisting of imbricated 
colourless or herbaceous scales). 
2. Flowers petaloid, or furnished with a true calyx or corolla, or 
with both, or absolutely naked ; unisexual (that is, having 
sexes altogether in different flowers, without half-formed 
rudiments of the absent sexes being present). 
3. Flowers furnished with a true calyx and corolla ; adherent to 
the ovary ; hermaphrodite. 
4. Flowers furnished with a true calyx and corolla, free from 
the ovary ; hermaphrodite. 
Under the above classes Lindley includes 303 Natural 
Orders, which are arranged in fifty-six groups subordinate to 
the sections, sub-classes, and classes, and which are termed 
Alliances. 
BENTHAM AND Hooxker’s System.—The essential features 
of this system for the arrangement of the Phanerogamia, which 
is adopted in their great work, ‘Genera Plantarum,’ are as 
follow :— 
Division I. PHANEROGAMIA. 
Sub-division 1. ANGIOSPERMIA. 
Class 1. Dicotyledones. 
Sub-class 1. PoLyPETAL#. 
Series 1. Thalamiflorz. 
2. Disciflore. 
3. Calyciflore. 
Sub-class 2. GAMOPETALZ or MONOPETAL#. 
Series 1. Inferze or Epigyne. 
2. Supere. 
3. Dicarpiz. 
Sub-class 3. MonocHLAMYDE or INCOMPLETZ#. 
Series 1, Curvembrye. 
2. Multiovulatze aquatic. 
